Summarize the role of each of the 12 human body systems.
Skeletal System: The role of the skeletal system is to provide a framework to give support and act as a defense for the soft tissues within the human body.
Muscular System: The role of the muscular system is to be accountable for all movement within the human body.
Cardiovascular System: The role of the cardiovascular system is to be accountable for the movement of nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and cellular waste products all over different parts of the body.
Digestive System: The role of the digestive system is to transform food into energy and basic vitamins to nourish the whole human body.
Endocrine System: The role of the endocrine system is to regulate the activities of all of the organs within the human body to enable the body to sustain homeostasis.
Nervous System: The role of the nervous system is to regulate the actions of the human body and also regulate any communications between various parts.
Respiratory System: The role of the respiratory system is to give oxygen to parts within the body while also removing carbon dioxide as well.
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Immune & Lymphatic Systems: The role of the lymphatic and immune system is to provide a defense system against outside viruses and infectious agents.
Urinary System: The role of the urinary system is to act as one complete system that helps to culvert urine from the kidneys so that it can be stored and then released during regular urination.
Female Reproductive System: The role of the female reproductive system is to produce gametes and sex hormones, while also enabling a woman the ability to create eggs which can fertilized to aid in creating new life.
Male Reproductive System: The role of the male reproductive system is to create sperm, which is the male gamete, to produce semen to aid in fertilizing the egg of a woman which can create new life.
Integumentary System: The role of the integumentary system is to provide the human body with an outside barrier to ward off hazardous substances, UV rays, and other things that could cause physical harm to the body.
Explain how and where gases are exchanged in the lungs?
The interior of the lungs is lined with aveoli that are encompassed by capillaries. The lining of the aveoli enables any air that enters to transport and exchange its gases with the blood within the body that is travelling through the capillaries.
What are the major components of blood? What role does each play?
The major components of blood are the red blood cells, the white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. The red blood cells contain erythrocytes which transports oxygen throughout the blood through a red color known as hemoglobin. The white blood cells
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enables the body to neutralize bacteria and fight off hazardous viruses that could attack the body. The platelets in the blood enable the blood to clot and allow the body to formulate scabs which stops external bleeding and enhances healing. The plasma in the blood provides a place for waste products to move throughout the human body.
What is blood pressure and what factors influence the changes in blood pressure?
Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, which is often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat which is important to the function of the human body. Factors that can influence blood pressure are: hormones, nerve signals, greater contractile force, blood vessels, and the volume of blood within the body.
Describe the route blood takes as it first enters the heart.
The blood first goes through pulmonary circulation and then takes deoxygenated blood from the heart’s right side to the lungs. Then the blood attains oxygen and takes it back to the heart’s left side.
Follow a piece of food through the digestive system, including the role of each of the major organs as it passes through. When food first enters the mouth it is met by an individual’s teeth which help to grind and cut the food as it passes on to the tongue which helps to grip the food and pass it on to the posterior of the mouth. Inside of the mouth are salivary glands that moisten the food so that it can pass through the rest of the mouth onto into the pharynx and then into the esophagus. The pharynx contains something called the epiglottis which helps by switching the route of the food on down into the esophagus. The esophagus then passes the food to the sphincter which allows food to be trapped
within the stomach. The stomach contains the enzymes that aid in the digestion of the food. After passing through the stomach, the food enters the small intestine which extracts approximately 90% of the nutrients from the food. Food then enters the liver where bile is produced and then into the gallbladder where the extra bile is recycled so that it can be used again for later meals. Then the pancreas excretes more digestive enzymes which aid the small intestine in digestion. Finally, the broken down enzymes enter the large intestine where water is taken in and waste is broken down and excreted as feces through the anal canal.
