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Introduction
The impact of 9/11 attacks will be everlasting on American society, but these attacks transformed the concept of war. The event of 9/11 impacted the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive forces of society. This attack traumatized the entire nation, more than 2900 lives were lost, and the physical capital along with infrastructure was damaged.
Significant long-term impacts of 9/11
First and foremost the crimes against people belonging to Middle East have increased in USA. People who belong to Islamic faith were targeted more as they were all stereotyped for being a terrorist. Even after more than a decade, the people respond in a highly negative manner towards Muslims especially the ones with beard. (Harry, p.1)
Secondly, more than a decade of war has been imposed on American society by the leaders. After 9/11, attacks President Bush believed it is his duty to clean the world from terrorists, and he launched attacks on Afghanistan, Iraq and many other countries to eradicate terrorists. Over the last decade, millions of young American soldiers have been deployed in singular countries to fight a war on terror, and many have been killed. Even after more than a decade, the war in Afghanistan is not over and is considered longest war in the history of USA and even after the soldiers were pulled out of Iraq, Iraq has become a vulnerable state that poses greater threat to USA now. The Defense related budget reached its crest. Homeland Security budget rose from US$ 16 billion in 2002 to more than US$ 40 billion in 2011. (Harry, p.2)
Following the 9/11 attacks, the George Bush signed an Act known as USA Patriot Act. This Act was signed on 26th Oct-2001. Many Americans after the terrorist attack showed concerns regarding their safety measures at airport, U.S. borders and other areas and questioned the security forces as to how they were planning to make the citizens more secure. After all the U.S. citizens pay heavy taxes to support the expense of the security forces. A lot of changes were made to many different security Acts that were already in place after the USA Patriot Act was signed. After the 9/11 attacks on World Trade Center, a lot of question marks were raised on the U.S. security system and the threats they encounter by the citizens and the Congress. This was a wake-up call for Congress that started paperwork and started the implementation process for all the security laws that were officially on paper and not properly implemented and ignored by the security officials.
The USA Patriot Act was severely criticized by the local citizens as well the ones travelling from abroad because it eroded privacy right of every individual if he is doubted to be as terrorist. A provision was signed in Patriot Act by President Obama in 2011, which stated that personal records of any individual or a group doubted to be terrorists, or established links with terrorists can be gained without any information to the individuals. (Beryl, p.11)
Since the attack of 9/11, the aviation industry of United States has suffered radically and has undergone severe financial crisis. This crisis was the worst in the history of the aviation industry of USA. US Airways and United Airlines filed for liquidation and all the other major airlines of USA affianced many cost-cutting programs. Even though, the airline industries are generally highly cyclical but the 9/11, attacks contributed to what can say a permanent economic downturn. The impact on the airline industry was so severe and damaging that still, the demand has been unable to rise to pre-attack time even though little improvement is witnessed.
Apart from this the everlasting emotional and psychological impact of 9/11 attacks still prevails in US society. One of the most relentless impacts that have left its mark is PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder. People who have survived or witnessed the attacks encounter sleep issues; they are unable to control their anger and frustration, anxiety level, flashbacks and emotional symptoms. There were people who lost their jobs just because New York lost most of its office space of around 30 million acre. The agony and survival difficulty after losing job was another trauma for many people that they had to fight and survive in this long struggle. The ones who underwent the experience have still not forgotten it, and they can remember it at every instant and anniversary each year.
Conclusion
The 9/11 attacks have left a mark on the American society where they now question their own security system, the immigrants, people belonging to different religions. Even though US government has, increased security measures at airports and within the country, the border area remain exposed to the security threat. Since the attack of 9/11, the U.S. aviation industry has suffered drastically and has undergone severe financial crisis. This crisis was the worst in the history of the aviation industry of USA. After the attacks had taken place, President George Bush signed the USA Patriot Act was signed by on 26th Oct 2001.
Work Cited
Beryl A. Howell, “Seven Weeks: The Making of the USA PATRIOT Act,” 72 GEORGE WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW 1145 (August 2004), p.11
Harry W. Richardson “The Economic Impacts of the September 11, 2001, The Terrorist Attacks
Identifying the Regional Economic Impacts of 9/11” Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, Volume 15, Issue 2 (2009), p.1-2
