Please explain with examples how a social networking site or applications, such as Facebook or Instagram, may include multiple levels of communication. Please mention at least two levels communications identify their definition as included in our textbook, and explain how the examples are connected to the two levels of communications.
Social media can contain several levels of communication such as interpersonal communication and group communication. Interpersonal communication is “the intentional or accidental transmission of information through verbal or nonverbal message systems to another human being, (Hanson, 2014, p. 38). While group communication is when one communicates with an audience of more than one person (Hanson, 2014). Social media can have both levels where one can update their status to reflect their thoughts using words and pictures (interpersonal communication), but this message is visible to many people within their network. The online community ends up reading these thoughts resulting in group communication.
Please define and provide one concrete example of each of the following models of mass communication: ritual, publicity, reception.
Ritual- The ritual model centers on the audience and examines why it partakes of particular information and proposes that it is part of a ritual within a particular circle (Hanson, 2014). For example football fans may watch the game since it is a common thing to do so in their community.
Publicity- Media coverage can serve to draw attention to a particular issue regardless of what it is about (Hanson, 2014). For example, the recent political debates have had politicians like Trump labeled racist, drawing attention to an issue which was not intended.
Reception- It focuses on how the audience interprets media content (Hanson, 2014). An example is the way people from different political opinions or religious standing interpret issues covered by the media.
Please describe, using concrete examples, the differences among cognitive effect, attitudinal effect, behavioral effect and psychological effects,
Cognitive effects refers to the lessons people learn from the media for example, analysts and commentators can educate the audience on trending issues like effects of lead in water. Attitudinal effects refers to how media influences the audience’s feelings for example, media can be used to radicalize as has been done by terror groups on social media. Behavioral effects describe the actions that the audience takes having received media messages, for example, some people may vote for a particular candidate based on how the media has portrayed him or his opponents. Finally, psychological effects refer to how media content affects the audience emotionally for example, scenes of human suffering may trigger sadness and stress in some people.
What is the debate between “great books” vs. “popular books”? What has been the focus for contemporary publishers when finding a book manuscript to purchase? If you were a publisher, what can be one ethical principle that you will use to make the decision between choosing a “popular book”, or a “great book”? Please first define that ethical principle, then use two books as your example: one book as a “popular book”, the other as a “great book”.
The ethical principle that I would apply is the principle of utility which is summarized as, that which is good for the greatest number of people (Hanson, 2014). A popular book may make many happy but may not necessarily be good for a great number, for example, a book with explicit content. I would publish a great book, that is, a book that adds value to a good number of people.
Please offer a definition for ombudsman and then list at least one of the functions of a news organization’s ombudsman. If you were running the Bellevue College campus newspaper, The Watch Dog, what will be an actual example you’d implement to reflect those two functions you’ve mentioned? 507
The media ombudsman “takes the point of view of those who consume the news,” (Hanson, 2014, p. 851). They write regularly to criticize the staff and listens to views of the audience (Hanson, 2014). The campus media ombudsman would listen to the views of the students and get their opinion on what the students like about the newspaper and what they would like to hear more of. He/she can also engage the staff through the social media pages to critique their writing.
What are Dick Stolley’s cover rules? Do you believe Dick Stolley would support the idea of featuring non-whites on a magazine cover? Or it depends? Please research the cover of People magazine and use one example where a non-white celebrity was featured on the cover, or lack of example thereof, to demonstrate your point.
His cover rules are that rich, pretty, and young people are appropriate cover models (Hanson, 2014). He also prioritized movies and music. I believe he would allow a black person on the cover if the person espouses the values that he esteems.
You are a photo editor for your local newspaper on Sept. 12, 2001. You are presented with the photo of the falling man as pictured at the beginning of Chapter 14. Please define one ethical principle that you will choose to guide your decision for either running or not running the photo. Please explain why you think you will ethical principle by comparing it to an alternative ethical principle.
I would apply the ethical principle of virtue versus the golden mean which is defined as knowing what one is doing, selecting actions morally and being of good character (Hanson, 2014). This ethical principle is most appropriate since it covers all choices that a journalist can make. I would not publish such a photo since it may cause others unnecessary pain.
You are the editor of a major metropolitan newspaper. Five people were killed in a bombing in the Middle East, and 200 people were killed in an industrial accident in Kenya. You only have space to run one of the stories on the front page. Please define one ethical principle that you will choose to guide your decision for either running or not running the photo. Please explain why you think you will ethical principle by comparing it to an alternative ethical principle.
I would apply the ethical principle of the veil of ignorance since it judges actions based on the importance of all people (Hanson, 2014), unlike the other principles which tend to look at the good of majority. For this reason, I would combine the two stories into one befitting headline.
Please define what is file sharing and its impact on recording artists. Please then use one artist as an example to explain how recording artists have responded in the twenty-first century to the threats of file sharing and/or other new digital media to their ability to make a living.
Please define community press then compare one national newspaper with one local community newspapers, (e.g. Redmond Reporter), in terms of targeted readership, circulation size or other characteristics to illustrate how both types of newspapers are similar to and different from each other.
Community newspapers serve “individual communities or suburbs instead of an entire metropolitan area,” (Hanson, 2014, p. 351). Due to their small target audience, the readership and circulation size is small as compared to national papers like The New York Times. They also tend to cover more local topics than national topics. The national topics tend to focus on how it relates to the newspaper’s locality.
References
Hanson, R. (2014). Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 4thed, Sage.
