- Relationship between technology, power and control
Introduction
Technology has enabled the provision of data and analysis of the same in organizations. Technology has provided significant power and control to individuals and organizations that have the latest software’s and computers. Technology creates influential individuals and easily puts individuals in charge of an organization due to their expertise.
Discussion
Post modern conceptions of power and control focus on surveillance and self-surveillance. Surveillance keeps the organizational members under strict performance. Forms of surveillance used are video surveillance, clock in mechanisms and monitored use of emails and computers. These methods of technological control when put in application lead to effectiveness in organizations due to fear of getting inspected. Critical studies perspectives show that employees in an organization get exploited by use of technology and get paid the same amount of wages. Employers in organization hold various powers such as legitimate and coercive power. These powers provide control on the price of goods produced. The owners have controlled the profits and technology has paid a price in this exploitation. Critically, technology can give power to an ill intended individual to ruin the company. For example, technology has given cyber attackers the power and control of organizations goods and money (Morgan, 1986).
Changes in technology are determined by the organizational society.
Conclusion
In organizational set up technology is very important for a firm that wants to make profits and dominate in their specific industry. Technology keeps evolving and hence giving employers power to control their employees to produce more. In postmodern days mastering technology is a big disadvantage. However, for employees who are experts in technology, they control the organizational frame.
- Reasons why the notion of ‘organizational boundary’ is a contested concept
Introduction
The notion of organizational boundaries is contested because it is said to mislead the society when they are being exploited by an organization. Organizational boundaries refer to the environment that interacts with an organization.
Discussion
The organizational environment includes it employees, its suppliers, its distributors or investors. The boundaries also affect the stakeholders such as customers, community groups and trade unions. Every stakeholder in an organization has different perspectives about different activities of an organization. The extent to which an organization can influence its environment is not clearly stated. Following the institution theory the organization is expected to give meaning to their business actions if they wish the society to adopt them. Pollution is a boundary that many organizations have broken by dumping waste in areas where people are living. When an organization activities affects people,the affected people gain interest in the organization. Companies participate in corporate social responsibility even if they are charged with polluting the environment (Banerjee & Chio, 2009).
Looking at organizational boundary from a critical perspective is hard to separate the relations a company has with the society. A company can be producing goods or offering services to the public and hence not every aspect of an organization can get perfect. However, its boundaries can get controlled. Organizational boundaries are dictated upon by people who have power and control with their ideas and hence that is why organizational boundaries are contested.
Conclusion
Organizational boundary will continue getting challenged because it is difficult to meet a neutral ground where power and control are at stake. Organizations should remember always that they have a responsibility to the society.
- Ways in which the ownership structure of a corporation impact organizational decision making
Introduction
The ownership structure of an organization affects its efficiency and objectives. The ownership structure can bring business to the organization or it can as well lose business due to slow processes of making decisions. The ownership structure determines how far an organization can go in terms of surviving competition and harsh economic times.
Discussion
Organizations owned by the public have an easy task going globally because they ensure that they have better advertisements and experts in every department to make the right decisions. It is easier for a company to go globally because they have a big borrowing capacity due to shareholders trust. Many organizations like coca cola have experienced globalization by ensuring that they have sold shares to the public and hence they consult their shareholders on decisions concerning the company (Colli & Jong, 2013). The ownership structure determines whether the organization has the capacity to outsource resources or create the responsible departments and decide which venture saves money for the organization. From a post modern perspective, for employees to get loyal to an organization they have to get included in the ownership structure so that they get consulted during major decisions. Some organizations ensure their most trusted and expert employees own part of the company by allowing them to own shares.
Conclusion
The appropriate ownership structure of an organization has enabled many organizations to open up new offices e in foreign countries and hence beat competitors by making large sales and influences. Also, such countries take advantage of labor intensive countries where wages are low. Making decisions in organizations with an appropriate ownership structure is not difficult.
- Organizations and environment
Introduction
Increased productions by corporations have given them power to control the society. Increased production has led to the exploitation of natural resources such as forest, water and wildlife among others. The corporations have continuously increased their wealth and they have saved more money in order to compensate for the negative impacts that the environment has faced due to pollution.
Discussion
Corporations are surrounded by environments that are delicate which can lead to losses when boundaries are exploited. The institutional theory allows organization to interact with the environment. The resource dependence theory shows that environment has more power than organizations. Global Corporation have to run reward schemes for their stakeholders and this gives room for such an environment to get contaminated by malicious people (Mander, 2014). Global environmental corporations have also emerged citing to protect the environment. The corporation becomes vulnerable to environmental sensitive projects only to get exploited. Globalised corporation engage in community based projects as a marketing strategy and also to control people into showing them they are friendly to the society and the environment. Such corporations make donation or take projects that should get completed by the government.
Globalization has led to formation of ideas that can transform economies in different parts of the world. Corporation with big names are regarded highly and so should their contributions to the society. Globalised corporations have advanced technologies that ensure they minimize their vulnerability to other organizations that want to exploit their profits (O’Neill, 2009).
Conclusion
Globalised corporation will continue being vulnerable because their aim is to make more profits while degrading the environment. Also, the wages paid to their employees make them vulnerable to strikes that lead them to lose millions of cash. Developing countries need to control the entry of globalised corporation to protect the sovereignty of their country and also preserve their natural resources.
- Impact of multi-national enterprises on global inequality in developing countries
Introduction
Multinationals have continually increased their investment in developing countries. The direct flow of funds from the investments has shown that the levels of inequality in these countries continue to widen because capital gets transferred from nations that are wealthy. Inequality here is experienced in form of class. Other forms of inequality include race and gender.
Discussion
The transfer of capital gets equated to outsourcing of resources such as low skilled labor and high skilled labor from developed nations. Skilled labor from developed nations demands very high wages while the low skilled labor earns even less amount in the developing nations, this kind of a situation leads to segmentation of the market. Such a situation brings about global inequality. Introduction of new technologies in developing nations create demand for workers who are highly skilled to put the new machines into operation. This situation with technology further widens the income inequality levels. Developing nations are known for their high absorption of new technologies. All is not lost because the economy benefits and may grow by a small margin (Academia.edu, 2014).
Multinational companies have sometimes produced low quality goods to fit the market of the developing nations. However, such goods are not as inferior because they are produced by a foreign company. These multinationals have affected local companies in developing nations and have even led to closure; this is an inequality that developing nation states need to correct.
Conclusion
The inequality gap will continue to increase if the developing nations do not put restrictions on multinationals. Globalization. Multinationals are the major hubs for conducting business worldwide. They attract a huge capital pull and make globalization a force to reckon with.
- Has globalization impacted on the design of organizations? Discuss with reference to development in both public and private sector organizations.
Introduction
Globalization has affected the design of organizations due to competition from rival companies. Most companies have resulted to outsourcing services and have increasingly trained their employees so that they can deliver quality goods and services.
Discussion
The efficiency and affectivity in organizations nowadays is high, because they focus now on customer service. Majority of public sector organization have reformed and they now have power and influence. Research has shown that majority of public sector organizations learned how to be flexible and started motivating their employees. Both public and private organizations have mostly adopted a matrix design which gives every department power to perform even though all the departmental heads are answerable to the chief executive officer (Stanford, 2010).
Both private and public organizations have ensured that they have a research department and if not they outsource services form research firms. Research has helped both the private and public organization to get rid of obsolete products or services that are no longer needed in the market. The private sector has acquired some of the public organization through privatization and they have introduced new skills and knowledge to the management world. Postmodern theory allows organization to adopt to new modes of performance.Public sector organizations are now evaluating their employees on performance and non performing employees warned. The private and public sector has formed partnerships that where they take up tasks in each other sector and get paid (Christoff & Eckersley, 2013).
Conclusion
Organizations in the private and public sector use explicit knowledge to carry out their duties because globalization requires them to have a database that stores the organization information. However,tacit knowledge helps the employees to honor the values of the company. This knowledge encourages inventions. A study conducted showed that majority of public and private organizations have since moved from the traditional designs of organizations.
References
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