Routing: the network layer is the one responsible for routing packets in the network. The network layer is responsible for host-to-host communication. To facilitate communication a global addressing scheme is used to identify the host computers in the network. The address is used for routing packets to the destination computer. During packet routing in the network a number of problems may occur that may prevent the packet from reaching its destination. Some of these issues may include the incompatible in addressing between the sending and the receiving computer. In some case the packet size compatibility issue may also arise, differing protocols used. It’s the responsibility of the network layer to sort out the incompatibility issues to allow dissimilar networks to interconnect (Briscoe, 2000).
Telnet-connection for remote use: this protocol is found in the application layer. The application layer comprises a range of protocols commonly used by users. Telnet is one of such protocols required by uses to connect to a remote machine. Other widely-used application protocol in the application layer include the HyperText Transfer Protocol use but users to exchange information in the network, file transfer protocol which is used to transmit file data in the network. There are many other protocols in the application layer
Ethernet-media repeater: The physical layer is concerned with transmitting raw bits over a communication channel. The media repeater works in the physical layer help regenerate raw signals transmitting over the communication channel and .Ethernet-switch: It works in Data-link layer of the OSI model. The data link layer is responsive for hop to hop deliver of data frames. The Ethernet switch works in the data link layer to help control the flow of data frames from one node to the other SNMP: the protocol is used the application level to manage the network services. It reside in the host computer just like any other application programs running in the host computer. SNMP help in managing databases network security monitor link state and so on.Error Detection: the service is performed at both the data link layer and the transport layer. The data link layer enhances reliability to the lower layer by providing mechanisms to discover and resend damaged or lost frames. The layer further has mechanism to detect and eliminate duplicate frames. Comparable to the data link layer, the transport layer is also concerned with error control. However, error control at the transport layer is implemented at process-to process unlike in data link layer where is implemented across a single link. The sending transport layer ensures the message arriving at the receiving transport layer is error free meaning there is no frame loss, duplication and damages to the frame. Incase any of the errors is detected the sending transport layer is notified to retransmit the frame (Stallings, 1987).
Fiber cable: is one of the transfer media and used in the physical layer. Fiber cable is used to transmit raw data between various devices. It transmits data in form of light from one end to the other. It performs a similar function as the copper wires.
References
Briscoe, N. (2000). Understanding the OSI 7-layer model. PC Network Advisor, 120(2).
Stallings, W. (1987). Handbook of computer-communications standards; Vol. 1: the open systems interconnection (OSI) model and OSI-related standards. Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc..
