Free Processes Of Evolution Essay: Top-Quality Sample To Follow

Different cultures have developed different mythologies and creation stories that try to explain the origin of humans. Similarly, scientists have established the processes of evolution that provide an explanation of the same. However, evolution is different from the mythologies and creation stories in which it is based on the scientific language. Another difference between the creation stories and evolution is that evolution is grounded in the ideas that can be tested. According to Chapter 2, Evolution can be termed as the scientific way to depict how the species appear and change over time. To provide a clear understanding of evolution, this essay provides an insight into the four forces of evolution, the concept of species and population, a variation between populations, and isolation mechanisms and the speciation event.
Species and population concepts are the two main concepts in the ecology that explains the relationships in biology. The two concepts also facilitate the study of organisms. Species are defined as the group of organisms that have similar features and can produce a fertile offspring after the sexual reproduction. For instance, animals with the identical body structure are the same species despite their different breeds. According to the evolution, species have the capability to change over time. On the other hand, a population is a group of organisms of the same species and similar geographical area. The populations vary in terms of genetic differences that occurs naturally among the individuals in identical species. For instance, according to Richard Lowentin, human populations have 5 to 10 percent of the variation between populations and 90 to 95 percent variation within populations (Modern Human Biodiversity 8). The level of populations provides the fertile ground for evolutionary processes and their impact on the patterns and levels of biodiversity on earth. At the population level, the four evolutionary forces include mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection (Biology and Evolution 4).
As stated above, the four forces of evolution include Natural Selection, Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drifts. Mutation is a hereditary genetic variation that produces new genetic material derived from constant induction of new genetic material. It involves variation in chromosomes or genes in the DNA. Mutation is the only source of new material. Gene flow occurs when the two populations exchange the genetic materials to lower variation between the groups. The genetic drift is random nature of the system that is more effective in a small population, and hence effective in human evolution. "Founder's Effect" is a certain type of genetic drift. In other words, genetic drift occurs when the genetic variation is lost when few individuals from a large population form a new population. Both the Gene flow and Genetic drift are lesser forces compared to other two. Finally, the natural selection is an evolutionary force by which organisms are adapted to their respective environment. Organisms make beneficial adjustment to the environment where variation exists in fitness and traits.
The micro-evolutionary force of the four force of evolution may lead to speciation, especially when the isolating mechanism is present. The Microevolution is the change in the allele frequency in a population. This illustrates that isolation enhances speciation. In this case, isolation mechanisms are barriers that limit the genes exchange between populations. Speciation is a process where new species are formed and may occur in two breaching modes: Anagenesis and Cladogenesis.