The Effect of Local Violence on Children’s Attention and Impulse Control
The study is provides proof of the nature of effects and influences, localized interpersonal violence has on children. There is both direct and indirect exposure, with negative effects on the health and mental wellbeing of children. Furtherance is the presence of psycho-biological influences i.e. depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and difficulty in individual concentration. It is important, especially for public health, due to the fact that it portrays the nature of influences children experience, when exposed to various forms of violence, especially on their personal optimal functionality and general behavior. The research questions being asked include: the effects of exposure to violence to human health; the general influences on children welfare and classroom studies, and the co-relation between social status and the presence of enhanced violence amongst others. The research design and methodology used included quantitative analysis and interviews assessments by way of random controlled sampling. The former is as derived from the Chicago Police Department data, as well as comparison of school scores with and without exposure to violence.
The latter, entailed the sampling of the pre-schoolers during the research. From this, one gets the understanding that exposure to any form of violence, especially to children and the young, as well as adults does have the potential of generating adverse effects. These include the development of psychological (acute) distress in the children’s caregivers, as well as impairing the affected children’s cognitive functionality and self-regulatory behavior (Sharkey, Tirado-Strayer, Papachristo & Raver, 2012). A limitations to the study would be the fact that it was not adequately equipped to identity long-term influences and effects of localized violence on the general development of children. The findings can be utilized effectively, towards providing better treatment methods, especially on behavioral and psychological effects brought about by exposure to violence.
References
Sharkey, P. T., Tirado-Strayer, N., Papachristo, A.V & Raver, C. (2012). The Effect of Local Violence on Children’s Attention and Impulse Control. American Journal of Public Health, 102(12): 2287-2293.
Public Health: The Ecological Model on Individual Health
The Ecological Model on Individual Health
The ecological model, is useful in the understanding of the existing dynamism, between various environmental and personal aspects with regard to human health and mental wellbeing. Ecological models are correlated to urban studies, where sociologists, public health workers and other professionals relate their form of research to the Chicago School. It bases itself on the more inclusive research methods utilized, as opposed to prior research that was conducted by existing developmental psychologists. Thus, they offer a bridge between theories in anthropology, which analyze large-scale settings and behavioral theories, which on their part are primarily focused on small settings. They are vital towards understanding human development, as well as the surrounding ecological structure, with its affects and influences on human social interaction.
It provides more information on human health, by way of comparing the effects and influences of a given environmental setting to human beings; in relation to their presence in another different setting. I do not think that this model should be the primary basis of all public health work, but rather that it should compose a foundational basis for any form of research pertaining to human health (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006).). This is due to the nature that environmental influences and impacts on human beings have, on the general health and mental wellbeing of individuals. Further input should be derived from other models, which on the whole, provide a much more conclusive functionality and representation.
References
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bio-ecological model of human development. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 1: Theoretical models of human development (6th Ed.) (pp. 793–828). New York: John Wiley.
Public Health: The Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency
An American federal entity, the EPA’s core function is that of protecting both the environment and prevailing human health. This is through the formulation and enforcement of various forms of regulations, standards, rules and policy measures as passed on by America’s Congress. Through constant conduct of environmental assessments, education and overall research, the entity is, charged with the maintenance and implementation of national standards. These regard the variant nature of environmental laws present, especially in consultative measures with tribal, local and state governments present within the U.S.A. Through this interaction, some of the responsibilities are delegated to the aforementioned, as part of greater social inclusion. Through various measures, human public health is enhanced, abate on a narrow scope as the entity is primarily focused on issues affecting environmental safety and wellbeing.
This is through its various programs such as: - Energy Star, where it fosters energy efficiency in terms of production and consumption; pesticide control and standardization and constant Environmental Impact Statement Reviews, which entail focus on other projects conducted by different federal agencies under the NEPA Act. Furtherance is its Safer Detergents Stewardship Initiative, which enhances the utility of safer surfactants, especially those that break down fast, into non-polluting compounds. These are in turn useful in enabling aquatic flora and fauna thrive in both fresh and salt water environments (Bullard, 2007). Another aspect would its sensitization of the general American public on the need to engage in fuel economy. This regards the efficient and effective utility of energy sources, especially those which are bio-friendly.
Through this measure, it is able to monitor overall air quality in a given regional-space, thereby ensuring clean and healthy surroundings. It is further engaged in measures which require better handling of oil as a fossil fuel energy source. This is achieved through its promotion of the SPCC – Spill Prevention, Control and Counter-measure Rule. Water consumption sensibility is achieved through its WaterSense program, which aims at instilling greater efficiency of water use and consumption. This targets especially drinking water, which is crucial for human survival, by way of ensuring optimal standards exist regarding America’s public water system structure.
References
Bullard, R. (2007). Growing Smarter: Achieving Livable Communities, Environmental Justice, and Regional Equity. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Public Health: The Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency
Research key words include: - Health impacts and implications, Highway Project, Population concentration and Urban Neighborhood
Databases to be used would include those from the office of urban planning, the building and construction agency, highway construction, maintenance and control and the local health department. In addition would be input from ProQuest, PubMed and Ebsco journals.
Steps in the formulation of research questions would be inclusive of amongst others: - the evaluation of the prevailing environment within the given area, especially regarding the fact that it is an urban neighborhood, as opposed to an ecological setting. Following would be the need to assess the health effects of an existing highway, within such as small environment. This is especially in terms of air and sound pollution, in addition to other risks such as human accidents, fatalities and injuries, fires and overall impacts of mechanized machinery within the locality. Next would be the need to find out how such a proposed project would negatively affect the people residing within the given neighborhood, in terms of physical health and psychological wellbeing. This would be achieved by measuring the negative effects present, such as increased air and noise pollution, especially if such a highway was to accommodate a big number of vehicles and machinery. Furtherance would be if such a presence affected the neighborhood adversely or would it be able to adapt to the inevitable changes, as enhanced by the aspect of globalization.
After conducting the above, I would then proceed to providing proof of the research, by way of the results acquired to the various departments, agency offices and officials responsible for general local and regional infrastructure development. These would include officials from the health department, the existing county and/ council governments, the housing and infrastructure agencies and the general population residing within the neighborhood of study (Fiore, 2008). It would be necessary to be all-inclusive with regard to the dissemination of such findings. This is due to the fact that the project’s importance, effects and influences on society would require wholesome contribution, critique and acceptance or rejection. This would in turn affect if the project was to proceed or be halted depending on issues raised.
References
Fiore, S., (2008). Inter-disciplinarity as Teamwork: How the Science of Teams Can Inform Team Science. Small Group Research, 39, 250-258
Public Health: The Effects of Social Marketing
The Effects of Social Marketing
Social marketing entails the development and integration of various types of marketing concepts, with other forms of approaches, in the aim of influencing overall human behavior. This is targeted at positively influencing targeted populations through beneficial impacts, so as to enhance overall social interaction and order. Through it, there is an integration of various research practices, partnership insight, audience contribution and theory, towards delivering of change programs. These programs should as such, be competition-sensitive and therefore aim at targeting segments of society with the aim of instilling change. In the overall instance, such an approach should entail the enhancement of programs which are efficient, effective, sustainable and equitable in nature. The intended audience, with regard to the – Controltonight.com advert – is that of teenagers, and especially young ladies who are susceptible to unfortunate cases of forced sexual interaction. This is especially targeted to those who frequent parties, where alcohol is consumed. As a result of intoxication, various incidences may occur, hence the need for caution.
The use of imagery, specifically of a lady lying on the floor with her inner-ware drawn down is very suggestive as it symbolically represents an individual who is unaware of the activities going on around her. It is suggestive of some form of sexual interaction, in this case most probably being rape, as the victim lies unconscious on the floor. I do think that in terms of message portrayal, it is quite effective as the pictorial symbolizing utilized speaks volumes regarding the issue at hand. In addition to the picture, is the presence of a few phrases, which include further information regarding the whole issue at hand, hence providing self-explanatory messages (Andreasen, 1995). The presence of both pictorial and written word in such a caption provides an effective means of portraying such messages, especially due to the personal nature of such an action, in the unfortunate case of occurrence.
References
Andreasen, A. R. (1995). Marketing Social Change: Changing Behavior to Promote Health, Social Development, and the Environment. Jossey-Bass
