Free Research Paper On Environmental Studies/ Kyoto Protocol

ANALYSIS OF KYOTO PROTOCOLName:Course:Tutor:Date: Introduction Kyoto protocol is an international treaty which aimed at extending the 1992 United Nations framework convention on climate change so that it would commit state parties to reduce greenhouse emission. This was based on that global warming exists and manmade carbon oxide that had caused it. A second period was proposed which was called the Doha amendment, and its common basis is to put obligation to developing countries claiming they have contributed to interference in climate change. Russia is ranked fourth in the world as the biggest greenhouse gas emitters contributing 5.67 percent of the global emissions and has the biggest surplus of Kyoto protocol emission allowance. Russia would like some amendments on the Berkley proposal. Concerning emissions Russia wants the annex 1 one countries to agree to higher target of 40%, 50% and 85 % on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, 2050 and 2070 consecutively. Some of the countries to be included in the annex three groups like china should also agree to increase their target to list 30 percent considering they also contribute highly to the gas emission which is equal to some of the annex 1 countries.
Also, other developing countries should accept to agreeing on a certain target by 2030 and thereafter ready to increase it by 2050 and the year 2070.In the adaption mechanism stage the annex one should first agree on supporting the developing countries that are been affected by the climate change; also the mitigation and adoption fund should increase money allocated to the developing countries. The country also proposes the annex1 group to pledge a certain amount of money which they will contribute in the duration between now and the year 2030.Finally, there should be introduced a climate geo research program to help in assessing the potential options, but focus more on the developing countries which have been neglected. Emission targets The annex 1 are the biggest contributors’ of increase in climate change. Looking at America for example they contribute at a rate of over 6 percent per year. They should there for agree to increase the target to reduce greenhouse gas to at list 40 percent below their 1990 levels by the year 2030.They should increase their target again to 55 percent which they are expected to attain by the year 2050.individually or collectively as a category the annex 1 group should finally agree to reduce the emissions by 85 percent by the year 2070.As for the developing countries Russia proposes which they should commit to target emissions. For example, china contributes a lot to emission of gas but their target is very minimal they should agree to a higher target of may be 30 percent that should be attained by 2030.The UNFCC, on the other hand, should be given the mandate of selecting the countries to be listed in the proposed annex three instead of the countries been given the mandate. Adaptation mechanisms Considering the proposal where annex 1 and three should take responsibility of the impact of climate change Russia does agree with the secretariat but they should also increase the emission reduction credit per country they do help. The developing countries, on the other hand, should be given a bigger percentage of the mitigation and adaptation fund this should go mainly in funding technology to curb climate change.On the part of Russia we pledge to increase the amount of money contributed to the GCF by 5 percent this is per the proposal that annex 1 countries should pledge 50 billion b every year which as the country we agree with the secretariat .An amendment should also be done to allow developing countries to access all funding agencies this will go a long way to help them fund clean energy technology.Climate Geo-engineering research As proposed by the secretariat to set up program on climate geo engineering research, Russia does support it. But in the proposal they should also agree to focus on the developing countries .this will help in curbing the rise in emission of these countries since the program will be able to assess the potential of it rising. The program should also be able to help in advising the countries on the best clean technology. Some of the states that the country expects to support this proposal are South Africa, Indonesia, and New Zealand .this is because the amendments will favor them in a big way like the increase in funding. Though it’s expected some of the countries will oppose these amendments like America and china especially with the proposal for them to increase their targets. In conclusion Russia is ready to support the proposal in the best way possible though this is after the amendments are considered .the country agrees on increasing the fund to go towards helping the developing countries and also support the climate geoengineering program Russia also agrees to meet its target by the year 2030 as per the targets it has proposed.