Introduction
- Identifying and describing a researchable Problem
Identifying 5 questions
Preliminary PICO question and description of each variable
Conclusion
10 key words that can be used in literature review search
Introduction
Identifying and describing a researchable Problem
Essential hypertension is a term used to describe high blood pressure of unknown etiology. According to Messerli, Williams and Ritz (2007) this condition increases the risks of cerebral damage, renal dysfunction and cardiac disease. In industrialized nations there is a 90% risk of developing hypertension during an individual’s life time. It means blood pressure readings above 120/80 moving towards 140/90 (Messerli et.al, 2007).
Approximately, 43 million Americans are hypertensive and using antihypertensive medication. This is 24% of the adult population. There are racial variations with blacks showing an incidence of 32.4%; whites 23.3% and Mexican Americans 222.2%. Precisely, essential hypertension affects 95% of the world wide hypertensive population. The prevalence increases as the individual becomes older (Carretero & Oparil, 2000).
Since essential is idiopathic treatment appears to be explorative because studies are still, being conducted in relation to identifying the most appropriate approaches towards management of the dysfunction. Ongoing drug trials have been taken center stage in resolving hypertension internationally. So far no one drug therapy has successfully addressed resolution of hypertension as a disorder. As such, patients have been programed into remaining on drug therapy for life without paying full attention towards life style changes and diet (Calhoun et.al, 2008)
Hence, the significance to nursing practice lays in management of essential hypertension through health promotion as well as health education. Researchers have identified predisposing factors while still investigating an etiology, especially, as the incidence among African Americans escalates. This study seeks to explore management strategies of essential hypertension among high risk populations with the aim of investigating alternatives to extensive drug therapy approaches being adapted by modern science. Even though attempts have been made towards health promotion in regulating the emergence of essential hypertension among high risk populations it has not been the focus of essential hypertension intervention. More often patients end up being on life lone drug therapy for the condition.
Identifying 5 questions
Question 1:-
- Do patients diagnosed with essential, hypertension better managed with diet, exercise and life style changes intervention than drug therapy in reducing blood pressure to normal the classified range?
Explanation:
P- Patients diagnosed with essential hypertension
I-intervention – diet, exercise, life style changes
C- Drug/ medication
O-Reduction of blood pressure to normal range
Question 11:- Should the normal range of blood pressure at 120/80 be re-evaluated at 140/90 and above in patients diagnosed with essential hypertension to explore whether this range is normal for the high risk populations identified?
Explaination
P- Patients diagnosed with essential hypertension
I – re-evaluating present range with 140/90 as normal in high risk patients
C- Normal range 120/80
O- Developing a new normal range blood pressure range.
Question 111:-
How effective is anti-hypertensive drug therapy in patients diagnosed with essential hypertension in reducing complications as compared to when they do not use any therapeutic intervention?
Explanation
P- Patients diagnosed with essential hypertension
I-No therapeutic intervention drug, exercise, diet or life style changes
C- Therapeutic interventions drug, exercise, diet or life style changes.
O- Reducing complications
Question IV:-
Can a holistic approach towards the management of patients diagnosed with essential hypertension be more effective in creating a normal B.P range than individual interventions of drug therapy, diet, and exercise and life style changes?
Explanation
P- Patients diagnosed with essential hypertension
I-Holistic management approach
C- Drug therapy, diet, and exercise and life style changes
O - Creating a normal B.P range
Question V:-
Can people diagnosed with essential hypertension self-manage the conditions based on their perceptions of home remedies rather than drug therapies offered by doctors?
Explanation
P- People diagnosed with essential hypertension
I-Home remedies
C-Drug therapy
O-Self manage
Preliminary PICO question and description of each variable
• Do patients diagnosed with essential, hypertension better managed with diet, exercise and life style changes intervention than drug therapy in reducing blood pressure to normal the classified range?
Explanation:
P- Patients diagnosed with essential hypertension
I-intervention – diet, exercise, life style changes
C- Drug/ medication
O-Reduction of blood pressure to normal range
Explanation of Variables:-
Variables identified in this question are patients diagnosed with essential hypertension; diet, exercise, life style changes; drug/ medication and reduction of blood pressure to normal range. The independent variable guiding this research is patients diagnosed with essential hypertension. Likewise, the dependent variables are diet, exercise, life style changes; drug/ medication. Reduction of blood pressure to normal range provides the research with its outcome variable.
Conclusion
10 key words that can be used in literature review search are as follows:-
- essential hypertension
- patients diagnosed with essential hypertension
- life style changes
- blood pressure
- normal range blood pressure
- anti-hypertensive medication
- diet
- exercise
- essential hypertension patient life style
- essential hypertension patient diet
References
Calhoun, D. Jones, D., & Textor S. (2008). Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and
treatment. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional
Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension, 51
(6), 1403–19.
Carretero, O., & Oparil, S. (2000). Clinical Cardiology: New Frontiers Essential
Hypertension. Circulation, 101; 329-335
Messerli H, Williams B., & Ritz E. (2007). Essential hypertension. Lancet, 370(9587), 591-603.
