Introduction
Global warming and climate change refer to increase in the overall global temperature. This might happen not only due to the natural events, but also due to human activities that are carried out on the given Earth’s surface. The major contributing factor from the human side is due to the effect of the increase in the greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide. There is no particular phenomenon happening, due to which first of all there is a temperature change in the given world, which ultimately leads to global warming. As a result, we can observe several changes in the climate in several countries all round the world. As per one of the research reports of NASA, it is believed that, since 1971, about 90% of the rise in the temperature has been found to be occurring in the oceans.
It has been found that, the temperature of air and water surface has increased by about 0.8 °C, since the beginning of the 20th century. Since last three decades, there is successively increase in the global temperature of the atmosphere as well as the sea surface on this Earth. The effects that we find are – melting of ice in the Himalayan Regions, increase in the level of the sea water, increase in the average temperature of the given nations, people experiencing more heat due to increase in temperature and so on.
We need to therefore focus upon the different claims made by the researchers regarding climate change in today’s contemporary world. This paper shall first of all analyze five resources that shall provide different claims regarding the climate change. Finally, the second section will cover the informative essay that will include all the necessary information on climate change. I shall even include recommendations in order to work upon the issues related to climate change.
- Alley, R.B. “Abrupt Climate Change.” Science 299 (2003): 205-210.
This research claims that due to rise in the poverty, we are not able to meet with the challenges of the climate change. The alternative hypothesis will be poverty does not hinder in solving problems of climate change.
As per the reports from the Meteorological Department of U.S., irregular monsoons and heavy flooding will have an impact on the irrigation facilities, food security, water conservation issues, and trade policies. As per the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climatic Change of the United Nations, the average temperatures will rise by 1.4°C to 5.8°C in the coming 50 years. Besides, the developing nations are already experiencing hot weather, and with such climatic shifts, it will also affect other industries and sectors.
- Donner, W., and H., Rodriguez. “Population composition, migration and inequality: The influence of demographic changes on disaster risk and vulnerability.” Social Forces 87.12 (2008): 1089-1114.
This research is concerned with the dependency of the under-developed nations on the developed nations. The researchers are claiming that due to this dependency, the under-developed nations are facing stiff challenges during the time of climatic crisis. They are not able to tackle with the challenges on their own, and their dependency on the developed nations is exploiting them. The alternative hypothesis for this claim will be dependency on the developed nations is an irrelevant factor to solve the issues of climate change for the given under-developed nation.
Under-developed nations might be charged higher for buying those resources as compared to other nations. As a result, there will be severe consequences on its local economy. Hence, they need to strategically align their national policies and laws in accordance with that of developed countries. They might be asked to remove the trade barriers, tax regulations, norms for tourism, and many such others, due to which, the economy of the under-developed nations instead of getting better will get worse. As a result, they might just become the puppets of the developed nations. So, they need to find an alternative way, and develop energy resources that will help them to regain their lost status as well as help them in building their economy. Hence, in one way they will not be self-reliant and due to which they will not be able to solve the challenges of climate change on their own.
- Hunter, L.M. “The association between environmental risk and internal migration flows.” Population and Environment 19.3 (1998): 247-277.
This research claims that there will be several health issues arising out of climate change. The alternative hypothesis will be there are no health issues arising out of climate change.
With the pollutants being constantly exposed to the environment, and due to over-production of greenhouse gases, more heat is generated in the environment. As a result, the average annual temperature of the entire nation is heating up. The lives of the animals, the plants, and even the human will be in danger with the increase in the temperature. The human health will be impacted a lot and there will be also issues of water supplies to major parts of the nation. Thus, there is a direct relationship between the climate change and the impact on health of the people.
- Carr, D.L. “Proximate Population Factors and Deforestation in Tropical Agricultural Frontier.” Population and Environment 25.6 (2004): 585-612.
This paper claims that due to unequal resource distribution, the under-developed nations are not able to overcome with their economic issues. In addition, if they face unseen climatic challenges, it shall become all the more difficult for them to tackle with it. The alternative hypothesis states that there is no correlation between unequal resource distribution and solving the climatic change issues.
The average resource utilization per capita in the developed nations is around 40 tons of four key resources, while it is 16 tons for the developing nations, and below 10 tons for the under-developed nations. This clearly shows the unequal resource distribution amongst all the nations of the world. It is also believed that, about 40 percent of these resources are utilized just to manufacture the exports goods. This will help them to get a large export income from the developed nations. The greed of earning more income and improving their economy is affecting the development of the under-developed nations. As per the global estimates, the population is still going to increase to 130 million people. As a result the consumption will further increase to many times in these developed nations.
In U.S. itself, about 40% of the total births are unintended. As per the research statistics, the Americans and the Europeans eat about 2000 billion calories of food each day. This is actually more than their actual requirement. The extra calories of food then can be made served to those nations who are fighting against poverty and hunger. It will help the people to get their daily meals twice a day. Thus, unequal distribution of appropriate resources can turn out to be a major challenge for the underdeveloped nations during the time of unseen climatic change issues.
- Gerber, T., V., Olazabal, K., Brown, and A., Pablos-Mendez. “An agenda for action on global E-health.” Health Affairs Journal 29 (2010): 233-236.
This paper claims that, it is important for the government to take initiatives that will solve all the climatic change issues. The alternative hypothesis states that, there is no need of government to take such steps. Instead people need to take initiatives to solve such issues.
The political administration needs to learn the art of managing the country’s administration efficiently and effectively. They can even initiate different joint venture initiatives in order to help the local people. They can collaborate with the developed nations in order to leverage upon the financial and technological resources. The developed nations need to take different initiatives regarding the development of renewable sources of energy, green technology initiatives, and several other sector initiatives that will help these less developed nations to mark their presence in this world. It is important for the people residing in these less developed nations to participate into different joint venture initiatives and take help of the developed nations, for fostering the economy of the given nation. This will help to solve the problems of climate change crisis as well as other problems that can turn out to be hindrance in the progress of the nation.
Informative Essay
The U.K. based consulting firm Maplecroft published a list of countries that are most susceptible to the climatic change and weather conditions. There are about 16 such countries from all around the world. Due to such climatic changes, there is an intense impact on the economy of the given nation, health issues, and the overall standard of living of the people in those nations. As per the studies and results of Yale, majority of the nations are leading emitters of CO2 and other pollutant gases in this world. The governments of these nations need to fight hard with these climatic challenges so that it can promote better environmental security to the residing people (Alley, 2003). This in turn will help to sustain the economic growth of the nation.
All the governments of the developing nations need to be a strategic partner with the new Asia-Pacific Partnership organization on Clean Development and Climate. The key objectives are to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases, to prohibit the usage of energy resources as much as possible, to find alternative solutions of energy and to utilize them, to create different instruments that can be made run through renewable sources of energy, and to spread the awareness amongst the people regarding such climatic concerns. In addition, they constantly need to take steps to preserve the forests, and thereby prevent deforestation as much as possible. The efforts of all the states are in the direction to prevent such climatic changes, and thereby protect the residing people. The focus of all these measures is always upon developing and utilizing clean and more energy-efficient technologies that are in consistent with the principles of UNFCCC (Donner & Rodriguez, 2008).
Further, the government will be required to establish several healthcare centers in the rural regions of these nations. They need to provide healthcare facilities and services at affordable costs. In addition, they can even provide services free of costs to some of the extreme poor family households. The government needs to train and educate them on how to take better care of their health, under such changing climatic conditions. It is not an easy task for them, but without the cooperation of NGOs, healthcare institutions, and medical organizations, we shall not be able to achieve the desired objective of providing healthcare services to the developing nations, under such conditions.
The Medical organizations can provide health education, and they can collaborate with the Meteorological Department, so that they can guide the people accordingly. They can even organize healthcare workshops and seminars and try to provide free guidelines and medications to the families of the poor family (Hunter, 1998). They can collaborate with the government and can accordingly provide nutritional diet to the children, along with healthcare services. This will help in two ways. It will solve the issues of healthcare along with solving of issues of hungriness. The children need to be educated, so that they can immediately visit the doctors, when they fall sick. The government can implement a campaign of healthcare awareness, so that all the people of such developing nations can get aware of it. This is how the medical organizations, the NGOs, the local communities, and the government can protect the health of the children and other people in the given nation.
Less developed nations lag behind in terms of technology, skilled man-power, appropriate infrastructure and servicing facilities. So, the government of the developed nations needs to first take steps that will improve the infrastructure and provide the developing nations the sources, which they require for carrying out their business activities. Any investments by the private entities of the foreign nations will help in fostering the economic growth of the given less developed nation (Carr, 2004). It will also help in removing poverty, creating more employment opportunities, and in framing proper trading rules and regulations.
Conclusion
It is important to deploy techniques that would help in balancing the allocation and the utilization of these resources. Many of the world governing councils need to plan the strategies for the resources allocation, so that they could even help any under-developed nation to build its economy. The under-developed nations need to implement aggressive strategies that would help them to at least get sufficient amount of resources for their nation that would help them in – (i) eradicating the issues of poverty and hunger (ii) issues of illness and several other health issues (iii) their overall economic and financial growth that would remove their dependency on the developed nations (iv) boosting their growth and development and (v) bringing in new technologies for the betterment of the entire society. Even, the developed nations should take similar steps for the uplift of the under-developed nations.
The governments of these nations need to focus upon productive capital, building of more number of hospitals and medical organizations, improving of transportation and communication infrastructure, indulge into capital formation, and thereby try to improve the nation from the healthcare perspective (Gerber et al., 2010). This will solve the issues of starvation, poverty, health care, education, housing, and providing of other basic facilities. The government needs to encourage the local people for participating into the different business ventures and activities that will help in the economic development of the nation.
References
Alley, R.B. “Abrupt Climate Change.” Science 299 (2003): 205-210.
Donner, W., and H., Rodriguez. “Population composition, migration and inequality: The influence of demographic changes on disaster risk and vulnerability.” Social Forces 87.12 (2008): 1089-1114.
Hunter, L.M. “The association between environmental risk and internal migration flows.” Population and Environment 19.3 (1998): 247-277.
Carr, D.L. “Proximate Population Factors and Deforestation in Tropical Agricultural Frontier.” Population and Environment 25.6 (2004): 585-612.
Gerber, T., V., Olazabal, K., Brown, and A., Pablos-Mendez. “An agenda for action on global E-health.” Health Affairs Journal 29 (2010): 233-236.
