Neoliberalism is socio-political doctrine and social movement, which was developed in the middle - the end of XX century and replaced liberalism. Neoliberals rely on the requirements of the individual`s maximum freedom of activity in the spheres of politics, economy, privacy and so on. Economic neoliberalism is based on a thesis on laissez-faire of the state in the economy and the postulation of unfettered competition as the most effective economic mechanism.
Globalization is the process of global economic, political and cultural integration and unification. These economic and social processes lead to the convergence of different cultures and civilizations and is caused by the development of new technologies and communications, as well as the internationalization of economic activities of corporations and companies. The main consequence of this is the international division of labor, migration of capital, labor and production resources, standardization of low, economic and technological processes, as well as convergence and fusion of cultures of different countries.
Postmodernity is ideological and art direction that replaced modernism in the last decade of the XX century. This direction is a product of the post-industrial era, the era of the collapse of the holistic view of the world, the destruction of ideological philosophical, economic, political systems. Post-modern mood marked by disappointment in the ideals and values of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, with their belief in progress, the triumph of reason, the immensity of human capabilities.
Structure and agency. The debate about the impact of the structure and factors on human thought and behavior is one of the central questions of sociology, political science, and other social sciences. In this context, the "agency" mean an individual's ability to act independently and make their own free choice. "Structure" refers to repetitive layout patterns of thinking and behavior that mean limit choices and opportunities that individuals have.
Resistance is the property, the ability to oppose some influences, changes. “Cultural resistance is the practice of using meanings and symbols, that is, culture, to contest and combat a dominant power, often constructing a different vision of the world in the process” ("The Blackwell Encyclopedia Of Sociology").
Pierre Bourdieu is French a sociologist, philosopher, and culturologist. His major works are devoted to the sociology of culture, education, art, sociolinguistics and general problems of the epistemology of the social sciences. Bourdieu's sociology was formed under the influence of Marx, Max Weber. The basic concepts of the sociological theory of Bourdieu are the field, habitus, "symbolic violence", "ignorance".
James C. Scott is a professor at Yale University, a famous American anthropologist and a prominent specialist in the study of peasants in South-East Asia and Africa.
Clifford Geertz is a prominent American anthropologist, a representative of "interpretive anthropology", had a decisive influence on the development of US cultural anthropology in the second half of XX century. His interpretive anthropology is a synthesis of traditions of American cultural anthropology, the ideas of modern hermeneutics (Gadamer, Ricoeur), sociological concepts (Parsons, Weber), and Wittgenstein’s analytic philosophy of language.
Culture. "Culture" as the term is a specific set of socially acquired and transmitted from generation to generation of significant ideas, values, customs, beliefs, traditions, norms and rules of conduct by which people organize their livelihoods. "Culture" as a concept - used to describe certain historical periods, specific societies, of nations, as well as specific areas of activity and life. "Culture" as a category is a man-built environment of the existence of self-realization, the source of regulation of social interaction and behavior.
Works Cited
Doel, Mark. Social Work. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2012. Print.
