When roads are full of cars and buses and trucks, we get traffic congestion which is a serious issue that every country has to face. The congestion of traffic defies the smooth movement of vehicles in suburban areas and prevents a smooth flow of vehicles. In urban areas with a high growth rate traffic causes problems in their daily life. The problem of congestion cannot be easily fixed by just applying physical constructions such as bridges, motorways and the widening or improvement of existing roads. There is a requirement to create some new form of technology to assist transportation management including the control of traffic. By applying these systems of controlling traffic, they will have a positive impact on helping to alleviate vehicle problems such as a better flow and reduced congestion.
A singular problem of traffic jams can be caused by some different reasons such as road works and maintenance and, of course, accidents. Traffic congestion and traffic jams usually occur at commute when people are going to and from work. In underdeveloped countries and even developed countries, the lack of sound transportation systems is the primary cause of traffic congestion. Particular types of roads such as small narrow highways or badly maintained roads directly affect traffic jams (Katathira et al., 1994).
Around 1839 K. Macmillan invented the first pedal driven bicycles, which became surprisingly popular considering how difficult they were to drive, but they had a definitive shape with a wooden frame and included many types of advantages such as gears; some comfort; difficult to move forward; pedal power; adequate seating and weren’t very safe. The automobile industry grew exponentially and its popularity grew and it became an essential and accepted way of life which meant the industry made better cars and more of them. Even then, near the end of the 18th century, traffic congestion was experienced on London Bridge, which caused a bit of havoc. As a result, the London government made up its mind to fix the problem by inventing a system that controlled and solved the congestion of traffic on the bridge with the installation of traffic lights. They also provided another monitoring system by dividing the crossing of the bridge into two separate sections, one for vehicular traffic and another for pedestrians, (Bellis, 1994).
The problems involved in transportation had become a major study for researchers, and there are some solutions provided to help solve the problem. By the application of traffic control systems, it has been their goal to improve traffic flow in the main cities and on motorways. It is the government that is responsible for providing continuing improvement to more effective transport movement in the towns and highways that helps to lessen the problems of traffic.. Inefficient transport systems result in massive congestion and this causes a flow-on to the local economy as well as danger to personal lives.
Contextual
Transport Obstruction, Meaning
Put simply, traffic congestion is a complex phenomenon directly related to the how many vehicles there are on the road at the same time which slows traffic and results in vehicles needing extra time to get to where they want to go. Indeed, at times, you have repetitive vehicle bottlenecks and at other times, the road is free of traffic, so non-repetitive. We can best define recurring traffic congestion as being caused by a daily event at a particular time of day, and maybe some different planning may help to provide a solution. Non-recurring traffic congestion is brought about by unexpected, unusual events such as an accident. Accidents will cause a significant reduction in road capacity, and simple arithmetic will tell you that if you have the same amount of vehilces and less road capacity, you will get traffic congestion. (Logi, 2001).
Regulatory Systems
The introduction of traffic control systems is a way to address traffic phenomena by technological applications, programming and road tolls. At the end of the 18th century, the initial monitoring system was implemented in London by installing traffic lights which aided in the organisation of the movement of vehicles on the old London Bridge. With urban areas growing so fast it has forced the government to develop and install new technologies, called traffic control systems, which are able to effectively lessen vehicle congestion. In this part of the article there will be a description of how efficient traffic control systems can positively affect traffic congestion and to show that such traffic control systems directly influence the traffic problems by helping to improve smooth vehicle flow. Some of the methods applied are traffic lights; tollways; improved journey times; fuel tariffs; the cost of road construction and the application of speed limits.
Text Analysis
The relationship between systems that can control vehicle movement and actual transport congestion has some importance, and strangely enough, there is not a lot of literature available that addresses these problems. However, there has been some past work carried out which provides results taken from experiments and ensuing calculations. The resultant correlation between controlling systems and traffic congestion was the subject of an investigation carried out by Schefer in 1994, who used a mathematical formula that divided overcapacity volume ratio, and this gave him the measure of the level of traffic congestion. Following this investigation, in 1997, the connection between the congestion of traffic and controlling systems were studied again by Schefer and Rietveld. They used a sample hypothesis by looking at traffic congestion levels during peak hour and comparing it with traffic levels in non-peak hours on regular days. Supplementary study by Noland and Quddus in 2005 who used the relationship between traffic congestion and its controlling systems by using the method of spatial analysis in the UK. The experiment showed that by applying a number of different regulatory systems, we could achieve lower traffic congestion (Wang et al., 2009).
Types of Problems
The more severe problem occurring in the major cities is that of traffic congestion. This congestion has an elevated bearing on even traffic flow and causes lost time, employment prospects and the consumption of energy. On a public aspect, traffic problems have a significant influence on city living making it tough for ordinary life. There is no doubt that road accidents are a relatively common occurrence that causes massive traffic congestion, and that can be in the city or in the country. Accidents would be one of the contributing factors that pushed the London government into trying to explore solutions to lessen the problem. Accidents occurring in non-peak hour times is an additional problem that needs to be sorted out. The development of transportation systems and traffic control systems by applying new procedures and updated technology would certainly help to alleviate the levels of traffic jams in urban areas. According to (Logi, 2001) he pointed out that transport congestion is a repeating and non-repeating event resulting in traffic volume increases opposed to road capacity at certain times. The phenomenon of traffic congestion, traffic jams, accidents and similarly contributing factors is a subject of great study by many investigators in their own to find the best approach to solving the problem.
