- The numbers are adjectives where the cardinal numbers are used for counting items. The ordinal numbers show position or rank while the fraction numbers shows parts of shares or portions of something.
This shows that the origin of counting is from corresponding body parts e.g. the French used body parts like fingers in their counting to count numbers one to ten.
- The Nile flooding is expected to be synchronous with the real year.
The astronomers in ancient Egypt discovered that stars were more precise in making a calendar than the sun which they had used over the years, which they called the solar calendar and recorded 365 days in a year but had a quarter day error. This was when the sun would rise the same day with the star Sirius marking 1460 years (365 days x 4), but due to the movement of Sirius the time was less and hence the flooding did not coincide with the rising sun and Sirius at the same time. Since the Sirius rising takes 365 and ¼ days, then to be one day out of synchronicity would take 365 + (1/4 x 4) years = 366 days, which is 1 day ahead of flooding of Nile. Hence, it would take 4 years. This is equal to (36514 x 4) = 1461 days. The Sirius star was called Sothic, which formed the Sothic cycle and marked the start of a year. The civil calendar had three seasons each consisting of four months. A month had thirty days bringing a total of 360 days. The Egyptians added five more days for celebration purposes to celebrate their God or Goddess as each day resemble one. After five days, the year would be opened again during the summer solstice when the Nile flood occurred. Therefore, the civil or solar calendar became out of synchronicity with the rising Sirius, which led to the addition of a day after a period of 4 years. The solar calendar did not have leap years hence the inconsistence in the synchronicity.
1 day apart = 4years hence in 4000 years = 4000/4 = 1000 days apart. The flooding would occur earlier than the heliacal rising.
This is because the Sirius gains four minutes every day hence in a period of 4000 years the star will be 1000 days out of synchronicity with the flooding of the Nile and because the star is the one gaining, it will rise a later date than the flooding of the Nile.
- The Gregorian calendar which is the solar calendar, which was more modified from the Julian calendar, had been formed due to the errors found in the Julian calendar that had accumulated thus bringing an error of a day in 128 years only. The Gregorian calendar sort to solve the problem by declaring century years divisible by 400 whereas leap years and those not divisible not leap years. Where in a span of 400 years, 303 years would not be leap years and the remaining 95 years would be leap years. This brought about a total of 146097 days in the 400 years, which formed 365.2425 days in a year. This number of days was slightly high and would bring an error of a day in about 3300 years.
Then there was a modification of the Gregorian calendar which suggested that years divisible by 4000 years are not leap years, but the suggestion has not been adopted officially as this would mean that the modification would take effect after 4000 years hence the Gregorian calendar is still in use among the catholic countries, but the Protestants still use the Julian calendar.
Modifying the Gregorian calendar retains only 2/9 of century leap year, hence,
365+ ¼ - 1/100 + 2/900= 365.24225
Comparing the above value with the actual mean value, which is 365.24219878, brings an error of one day after a period of approximately 19,500 years which is similar error in breaking of tides encountered in earth rotation.
This calendar is more accurate compared to the Gregorian calendar as it reduces the occurrence of one day error whereby one day error would occur after a very long time and thus bring a consensus between the calendar and the actual value of a year.
- A positive integer would not exist for which no name could be found. An integer is any non-fractional numbers which can be positive or negative numbers and are considered potentially infinite. This is due to the fact that they are infinite but do exist i.e. they can be found. Big numbers are written in relation to various bases. In decimal place value system, numbers are written in bases of 10 or powers of 10. Big numbers are being used by scientists to define various capacities. For example, numbers are used in the computation of memory in a computer which are given the value ‘bits’. Integers are infinite such that there are bigger numbers than are needed by scientists, but numbers are given names as they occur in certain situations hence there could be no integer whose name could not be found since scientists relate the value of a number in accordance to the situation in which they can be related to. Therefore, positive integer do exist and as more scientists come up with various invention, they give the invention a value which is given a name according to its origin since numbers are usually related with familiar parts of the surrounding or finding.as more numbers becomes of importance to the universe, the more names for those numbers could evolve. Hence as integers exist, so do their names. For example, computers are continually being invented and giant computers that can perform 10120 operations is being invented and hence as more things are being invented and so do the name for the numbers. There exist 500 sextillions of computation times more than is required to save 40 different passwords. Names are also got from the people who invented certain calculations, for example, the Pythagoras theorem and the Avogadro constant.
