Homelessness is one of the very serious problems because it is constantly replenished the ranks of the homeless people today: they are troubled teens, graduates of boarding schools; migrant workers; veterans, people survived the crisis. The authors believe that homelessness leads to stress, mental disorders and substance abuse, especially alcohol, although this may be due to homelessness. Social exclusion is a strong negative factor, weighting personal and behavioral disorders in the homeless, especially for adverse childhood experiences.
Studies devoted to homeless show the interest of the researchers to the resolution of the problem of homelessness and about possibility for competent resocialization programs. The process of adaptation to the new environment in homeless people is complicated by the fact that in addition to the loss of the house. The results obtained by specialists in scientific studies made a significant contribution to the development problems of homeless children. R.Calsyn et al. (1994) found a pattern between homelessness and traumatic experiences in childhood neglect, which had a majority of homeless people, which subsequently results in inadequate ways of coping with problems, alcohol and drugs. R.Tesler et al. (2002) highlights a number of key strategies to adapt to new and challenging situations. R.Kessler et al. (2002) believes that the use of problem-oriented strategies would be beneficial for people faced with only one stress at a time. When a person has to deal with numerous stresses, avoidance can be useful for a person to ignore at least some stress, because it is difficult to control them all. New roles and patterns of behavior are moving in the familiar and do not cause rejection in the inner person, because all of this is also supported by expectations of outside people.
All this confirms the fact that homelessness problem today is very acute. Therefore, there is no adequate understanding of the psychology of this phenomenon, and developed tools for re-socialization of people who find themselves in a situation of homelessness. The authors believe that the most serious are the consequences of homelessness for children. “A variety of individual-level factors appear to contribute to, or are correlated with, homelessness, including disability, mental ill- ness, substance abuse disorders, lack of social or human capital” (Montgomery, 2013, p.262). The main cause of the social and growth of homelessness is the destruction of the socialization of public infrastructure and public education of children without the formation of a new effective structure of socialization and recreation for children in the conditions of market relations. The article shows that a lot of these children are in need of mental health care, but they get it is not always. Children living on the street life goals shifted toward short-term pleasures of consumerism, greed. Some of them initiate sexual activity early. They are, in most cases, in serious need of medical care, because they have different pathology and mental illness. Street children use a variety of toxic substances to help you cope with life's problems. Many of the orphans and children deprived of parental care are unsecured housing because of their lack of information about their rights and mechanisms of realization. Homeless children aged 3-5 years found a variety of behavioral disorders and mental disorders, including sleep disorders, attention speech, motor coordination, aggressiveness, shyness, addiction, lack of cleanliness skills, serious school problems. Children older than 5 years often acting out their characteristic pathological anxiety. Considerable danger to the future of children is their belief that they are hopelessly "sucked" poverty. Thus, homelessness and poverty may be becoming self-fulfilling prophecy, passing from generation to generation. Homeless children are more likely to be abused in situations where the frustration caused by homelessness exceeds the parental control level.
The article was used a quantitative method, the data were analyzed by Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System which meant a sociological study of the collection of empirical data. Based on the goals and objectives as the main methods of studying a homeless man, were selected from the study Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Data collection was an interviewing homeless whereby the elemental sample were persons of no fixed abode in the number of 6017 people. The analysis of living circumstances in the course of self-esteem of people surveyed allows to make a social portrait of the homeless. On the basis of these data, a psychological study of dynamic model of the internal components of the homeless people in the world has been developed, including the relevant diagnostic tool for assessing the condition of a homeless man, to identify its main characteristics and build a holistic view of its current internal state.
As a social phenomenon of homelessness is embodied in the whole complex of economic, socio-political, civil and cultural and psychological conflicts, because of which a considerable part of the population is deprived of the necessary housing conditions recognized as an integral party of a civilized society. Many homeless teens prone to depression and risk of suicide. The results of homelessness in adults are primarily social exclusion, loss of trust in other people, isolation and learned helplessness because homeless belief that they are not in a position to control their own lives, to meet their basic needs. Among the homeless, suffering from excessive victimization are victims of ill-treatment of women, some of them reported that they had been abused as a child. Such women because of their aggressiveness may themselves be violent towards their children without having them to them to do so provoked. According to their psychological characteristics homeless child resembles the pupil of children's home: it is distinguished by the underdevelopment of the emotional sphere, delayed intellectual development, instability of attention. For these children have a tendency to low self-esteem, and their actions are often inadequate to the situation. Runaways are suffering because of a lack of confidence in the future, they have problems in choosing the scope of employment.
Former street children usually learn bad, evading schoolwork, often passed several years of study. However, they tend to be affectionate, adults tend to want to have with them an emotional connection. Having experienced the loneliness of such children tend to go back into society, but maintain a stable relationship with someone else can not. They have a relaxed mental function that does not allow them a long time to focus on anything. In part, this is due to their inability to learn in a regular school. Thus, having considered homelessness as a social phenomenon found that homeless children are recognized as having no roof over their heads, living on the street, in public, unsafe, unsuitable for housing, health and living areas, or public institutions.
The purpose of research implied a conducting sociological analysis of reproductive factors of homelessness, its condition and the social impact of modern society on the basis of population surveys, interviews, statistics and legal documents. Homelessness as a social phenomenon is closely connected with the economic, legal and social situation of the population. The results obtained in the study made it possible to develop a model for the use of technologies of social work with this category, the implementation of which will improve the efficiency of social work with them in the future to solve the problem of homelessness. The results of research can be used for drawing up the program of psychological re-socialization of homeless people, which will increase the efficiency of activity of workers of different services and organizations that provide assistance to homeless people, will contribute to improving the system of social and psychological work with homeless people.
During the time of the adoption of Christianity homeless was widespread tradition. Christianity supposed the rise of homelessness as a way to get away from society. Refusal of worldly desires was the most important principle of monasticism. Homeless considered as "church people", worshipers and preached the ideology of the sanctity of the poor. In Christianity, marked the formation of the special treatment of the material unprotected people. One of the functions of religious holidays advocated peaceful redistribution of property and products. Acting as the mechanism of economic balance, such an attitude is an ancient form of assistance to the needy. Another such assistance mechanism is ancestral rites of honoring the dead, during which the family donated alms. Compassionate attitude although offset to some extent the lack of systematic assistance to the homeless, but without solving relevant social problems often contribute to the development of consumer attitudes among beggars and, ultimately, led to a huge number of beggars.
References
Montgomery, A. E., Cutuli, J. J., Evans-Chase, M., Treglia, D., & Culhane, D. P. (2013). Relationship among adverse childhood experiences, history of active military service, and adult outcomes: homelessness, mental health, and physical health. American journal of public health, 103(S2), S262-S268.
