Introduction
Change in the climate is happening rapidly as well as severely. As a result, there is the destruction of the world. The effects of change in the climate are more shocking since disasters caused by this change grows continuously at a higher frequency and intensity. There is much impact on the earth’s surface, thus threatening nature as well as the human system with a severe damage that cannot be reversed. For instance, as the increase in global warming persists, the result will be the rise in depletion of the natural resources, polar ice caps melting, the rise of the sea level, causing flooding, fragmentation and bleaching of the coral, led to increasing in draught and various effects on health, rise in wildlife risk of extinctions and increased in both economic as well as financial disasters. As indicated by the IPCC, several degradation in the environment is as a result of human activities such as fossil fuel burning, the increase in the industrial as well as urbanization (Bulkeley & Newell, 2015). Therefore, there is a need to balance this change by facilitation of protection of the natural environment as well as its resources in addition to monitoring the urbanization and industrialization rate.
The following are the ten important point from the chapter and the reasons for their importance:
Challenges as well as recommendations due to change in climate
Technological initiatives to advance changes in climate
During climatic disaster strike, there is suffering of the community as many people die while numerous properties are destroyed. To recover from such climatic attack, a lot of resources must be used, and it can take many months or else years to complete the recovery process (Bulkeley & Newell, 2015). By using advanced technology initiatives, the recovery process due climate change impact will take lesser time and some of the destroyed properties can be recovered easily. Another reason is that advanced technology will reduce the total cost of recovery, thus adding value to the world economy.
Community planning Guide for Infrastructure and Buildings
This guidance has been issued by NIST with cooperative efforts from various stakeholders in addition to nine external experts from multi-disciplines. They were able to provide different inputs after carrying regional meetings. This is a customized tool and can be utilized by both urban as well as rural community to craft their resilience strategies by aligning them with the exceptional features, for example, the composition of the community, geographical position, financial resources and infrastructure’s age. Additionally, this tool helps the community to make strong long-term decision step-wisely on their priority, cost as well as efficient management of risks due to disaster (Bulkeley & Newell, 2015).
Self-Assessment Tool for Local Governments
This is an innovation created to enable the local government to evaluate their risks due to climate changes. It focuses on the poverty, urbanization as well as the vulnerability by formulating and implementing strategies for resilience tailored particularly for the community (Stocker, 2014). The tool gives a simple but demanding procedure that can be performed by the cities’ government with a minimal aid from external experts. Additionally, it will provide a partial solution to the local government as they plan for the urban centers by considering any possible challenge that might be caused by climate change.
5. Online Climate as well as Disaster Risk Screening Tools
This was introduced by considering the impact of climate change on the poor countries. The tool gives a systematic as well as continuous means of evaluating short-term and long-term climate and risks due to disaster at a very early stage of a given project. In addition to this, the tool can be utilized in a sector or national planning procedures (Stocker, 2014). Thus, screening has to be performed first to ensure that the risks are evaluated and managed within a supportable development plan.
The Future Impacts of Change in Climate on Migration
Some scientific study shows that the most vital aspect of climate change is an initiation of migration crisis. A change in climate lead to the following effects; rising of the sea level, dangerous weather disasters, degradation of the natural environment. Because these effects trigger migration, thus causing population disruption as well as government weakening, there is a need for state governments to seek a general solution to aid in preventing such migration. As clarified by Stocker, 2014, it is true that changes in climate in one of the main causes of migration and causes population displacement globally. According to IPCC, a failure to deal severely with the climate change issue, disarray will result. The argument is that there is the expectation of an increase in weather intensity due to change in climate, and this will cause a rise in the number of migrants in the future. Some researchers do agree that a lot of migrants will be moving within their country while a few will be able to move across the national borders (Stocker, 2014). By various governments globally being aware of climate change effects on migration, basic strategies will be established to prevent higher rate of migration, both locally as well as internationally.
Climate Change Effect on Health in the Future
According to WHO, 2014 assessment of the quantitative risk associated with health because of climatic change, it designates that there will be about 250,000 additional deaths annually between the year 2030 and 2050. Approximately 38,000 deaths will be as a result of heat exposure in elderly individuals; about 48,000 deaths will be caused by diarrhea while 60,000 deaths will be from malaria due to increasing in temperature that favoring mosquitoes breeding. Therefore, some diseases will be experienced by children from developing countries due to under-nutrition (Stocker, 2014). By being aware of the impact of change in climate on health, the estimated rise in heat waves as well as diseases transmitted by water, food and insects can be managed and improvement on how the community respond to such emergencies can be enhanced. Additionally, there will be a need to for different emergency services for the elderly individual in the future about environmental changes due to extreme weather conditions.
Effect of Climate Change on Insurance in Future
Change in the climate causes many floods in flood-prone regions. Thus, there is an effect on the economy on such areas due to flood hazards. Therefore, there is a need to form flood policies which are both affordable as well as effective so as to help in minimizing flood risks. Hence, it will require various stakeholders to adjust the program of flood insurance, policies on disaster aid as well as practices. In addition to policy formation, there will also be a need to form an active program of both structural as well as non-structural flood risk minimization mechanism and actions. For instance, projected effects on change in climates such as increasing in sea levels and powerful storms will require more expounded and broad emergency respond. Therefore, emergency managers will have to pre-position more stocks to be ready to cater for potentially disastrous events. Furthermore, more properties will have to be insured under risk management policy (Stocker, 2014).
Relationship between Infrastructure and Governmental Budgets to Future Climate Change
There are some cities, such as Honolulu and Baltimore, which have experienced coastal flood due to changes in the climate. In the future, most research on climate change shows that there will be frequent coastal flooding in cities within the coastal regions. Thus, within the next thirty-five years, there will be a cost of $500 trillion on water facilities, according to NACWA, 2015. By knowing this relationship, the infrastructures designed by the government should be in a position to withstand such extreme conditions without failing. Furthermore, every project taken by the government should be budgeted adequately and design by forecasting the future effect as the climate changes (Stocker, 2014).
National Disaster Vindication Program
This was started by the government of Canada under the Ministry of Public Safety as well as Emergency Preparedness. The aim is to build a stronger and reliance community which is very safe from flood and other disasters. This program is of paramount importance because it focuses on the safety of the citizens in case there is an emergency due to climate change (Stocker, 2014). Additionally, it provides a chance for the government of Canada to prioritize its projects based on the climate changes. The program also provides a chance of incorporating various stakeholders such as provinces and territories leaderships.
Conclusion.
In conclusion, it is true that climate change is a continuous process, and its impacts have been seen in natural resources destruction and loss of properties. The primary cause being the emission of greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by the industries. It will be appropriate for industries all over the world to control and prevent the emission of these gasses.
References
Bulkeley, H., & Newell, P. (2015). Governing climate change. Routledge.
Stocker, T. F. (Ed.). (2014). Climate change 2013: the physical science basis: Working Group I contribution to the Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.
