Summary Report
Chapter 3
The written language is responsible for the transformation of the world. Through using words, there is action and reflection. Words bring meaning to the concept of living. Human beings exist in the world through using words. This is achieved through dialogue. Dialogue is essential as it allows humans to be substantial in their own right and as such exercise their freedom to associate with other individuals. Dialogue is not viewed as the dominion over others rather it is the liberation of humankind as it focuses on the truth and not oppression of individuals.
Conditions or factors that contribute to the existence of Dialogue
Most importantly, for dialogue to exist there must be an act of love. For without love, it is impossible for one to enter into dialogue with other human beings. Additionally, humility is critical for dialogue to exist. Individual must learn not only to see the fault in others but also their own. Learning to appreciate that we are also ignorant ourselves is significant in maintaining dialogue. Thirdly, faith is also important to the existence of dialogue. Certain situations may cause dialogue to fail even before it has begun. Individuals have to have faith in one another in the sense that one individual will not use his power to exploit the other. Hope is also important for the existence of dialogue. However, with also these factors, true dialogue will exist when critical thinking is applied over naïve thinking. This implies that there is no fear of the risk involved in the process of dialogue.
Generative Themes
Individual work differently. Some may work to change the existing structures or some may choose to maintain them. In most cases, maintaining certain themes may emanate from the fact that individuals do not comprehend their reality. In most cases, individuals who seek to change existing structures may employ certain investigative approaches in the quest to understand reality. Such an approach may entail the use of abstraction in cases where reality is hard to comprehend.
Chapter 4
Revolution
The concepts of dialogue, reflection and action, are important for the transformation that results to revolution. As such, concepts such as manipulation and sloganizing cannot be part of a revolution as they represent a form of dominion that is contrary to dialogue. In most cases, in a revolutionary process, there tends to be the oppressed individuals. However, it is important to note that oppressed individuals may take advantage of the revolutionary process to gain power hence gain dominion. Leaders tend to use dialogue as a tactic to gain power.
Conquest
This is a characteristic of antidialogical action. Individuals will try to conquer others using both refined and extreme means. This creates a scenario where one individual is the oppressor and the other individual is the oppressed.
Divide and Rule
In oppressive action, divide and rule entails using techniques that will limit the unification of the people who are oppressed. The oppressor ensures that any form of organization or unity to be deemed dangerous, and such acts may be labeled even as being criminal in nature. Government bureaucracy is a form of divide and rule. Additionally, giving people the illusion that they are being helped is also an effective divide and rule technique.
Manipulation
Manipulation is used as a means to conquer individuals. This means that the oppressor tries to convince the masses to align themselves to their objectives by making them feel that the objectives will lead to improved lives.
Cooperation, Unity of Liberation and Organization
These three elements are significant for any form of dialogical action. Cooperation is achieved through communication. Unity of liberation requires individual or people who need to protect fundamental interests. Organization in terms of dialogue means aligning goals with the people.
Cultural Synthesis
Any form of cultural action can lead to domination or liberation among people. Dialogical cultural action seeks to clarify any form of antagonistic contradictions of social structure whereas the antidialogical cultural action seeks to create situations that will ensure its continued existence.
