On my mind it is impossible to think about slavery without sugar plantation production in the America. The slave trade was very lucrative, even despite the high mortality of slaves. Prices of slaves grew steadily: in the period 1663 - 1682 gg. The average price of a slave was £ 2.9 (Calculated in pounds in 1601), then in 1733 - 1775, it jumped right up to GBP 15.4 Property real essential is the key to get rich quick. It is for this reason was very essential prize, the receipt of which pays huge costs to conduct wars XVII - XVIII centuries. For him, fought the Portuguese, Dutch, French and English. Prepared traded, to be rich. And Africa, meanwhile, deprived of their sons and daughters (not without the help of the Africans themselves, by the way). According to estimates of the same Maddison, in the period between 1500 and 1820, the population of "Black Africa" has grown by an average of 0.15% per year, while the population of Western Europe increased annually by 0.26%, and the Asia - 0.29%.
There are different views on the number of exported from "the Dark Continent": for the period from 1451 to 1870, they fluctuate in a wide range of 10 to 50 million people.
The difference between the number of slaves brought from Africa and the number of vvezёnnyh to the New World for the whole period of the trans-Atlantic slave trade is estimated at approximately 1.8 million. Piers., The cause of which was the high mortality of slaves on ships to transport them. For example, in the XVIII century. Dutch to "merchants" who had "assiento", the proportion of dead slaves ranged from 10 - 16% of the total number of transport slaves.
Strictly speaking, this mortality is still small: I do not understand how the bulk of the slaves made it to their new homeland. Terms of transport were simply monstrous. And it's not even a bad diet or lack of food, and in the arrangement of the slaves on ships.
Thus, about half of all vvezёnnyh with the "Dark Continent" in the XVI - XIX Art. The servants fell into the possession of the Portuguese crown (46%). It is followed by the British (26%), Spaniards (12%) and French (11%).
References
"The Atlantic Slave Trade". Google Books. N.p., 2016. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.
