Introduction
Senator Kennedy introduced the Civil Right Restoration Act of 1987 on 20 February 1987 (Lewis & Dale, 1988). This Act amended title IX, which prohibited the discrimination of sex. In addition, it influenced Vocational Rehabilitation Act, Age Discrimination Act, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Robinson, Allen, Franklin, 1989). Title IX deals with the Education Amendments (1972). It defines the following entities, which use Federal funds: local and State government instrumentality; universities, colleges, and all the other institutions of public higher education; corporations, and private organizations. Religious organizations do not belong to this list (S.557, 1988).
Population at risk
This act influences the universities and colleges the most. High learning institutions discriminate their women athletes. Despite the title IX, higher institutions did not provide money for the development of women’s sports teams. Women were left without protection and with cut federal funds. They could do nothing. Still, they tried to resist. The women’s athletic movement helped to create new sports teams. Those sports teams were provided with money. Colleges did it voluntarily as they understood the consequences of their inaction.
The effect of their rising can be proved with numbers. At first, there were 15% of women participated in sports teams. With the help of the women’s athletic movement, 30% of women athletes were allowed to participate in sports activities. The income of teams increased from $25 million to $120 million (Villalobos, 1990).
Conclusion
The Civil Right Restoration Act of 1987 were supposed to deal with the injustice completely and restore the protection of minorities (Shay, 2012). They hoped to renovate ‘effectiveness and vitality’ of civil rights (Gillepsie, 1990).
References
Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987. S.557, 100th Congress. (1988)
Gillepsie, Veronica M.(1990). The Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 - A Defeat for Judicial Conservatism. National Black Law Journal, 12(1). uclalaw_nblj_26767. Retrieved from: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nw231xg
Lewis, Karen J. & Dale, Charles V. (1988). The Civil rights Restoration Act of 1987: Legal Analysis of s. 557. Congressional Research Service. The Library of Congress.
Robinson, Robert K., Allen, Billie Morgan, Franklin, Geralyn McClure. (1989). The Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987: Broadening the Scope of Civil Rights Legislation. Labor Law Journal.
Shay, A. (2012). On This Day: The Civil Rights Restoration Act. Long Civil Rights Movement website. Retrieved 25 January 2017, from https://lcrm.lib.unc.edu/blog/index.php/2012/03/22/on-this-day-the-civil-rights-restoration-act/
