According to the scientists’ observations, climate fluctuations occur constantly. There are periods of cooling and warming. Some fluctuations lasted decades, others - centuries. As of now we live in the time of worming. Global climate change has become perhaps the most important environmental issues of our time. In recent years this problem has become the focus of attention of many international meetings, as it is irreversible and threatens the security of millions of people’s lives.
The main cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect - a phenomenon in the Earth's atmosphere, which prevents the energy of sunlight, reflected from the Earth's surface to leave Earth’s atmosphere due to different gases. These gases are called greenhouse gases and include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides and others. Due to the natural greenhouse effect the Earth's surface temperature is maintained at a level suitable for life.
The warming is partly natural, but the speed at which the temperature grows assumes that apart from nature anthropogenic factors take place. People contribute to the greenhouse effect by greenhouse gas emissions. The main sources are industrial enterprises and transportation. Among the greatest impact among greenhouse gases comes from carbon dioxide. It is released into the atmosphere by burning coal, oil, gas.
In the worst forecasts Earth's temperature will increase by 11 ° C, slowing down the Earth's rotation around its axis, Raising the general level of world ocean will lead to significant flooding of coastal areas and islands. Due to changes in the course of the Gulf Stream, Europe, on the contrary, night experience the advent of the Ice Age. Global warming will have direct implications for human health: an increase in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases; an increase in the number of psychological disorders and trauma, due to an increase in intensity and duration
of natural disturbances (floods, tornadoes, droughts, hurricanes, and so on. There will be a shortage of food and water.
Experts claim that for many types of cereals and oilseeds, fruit trees, grains, fruits and sprouts will be a decrease in crop by 3-17% for each degree of the temperature increase. Such changes may adversely affect livestock production due to reduced food resources. Great danger to agricultural production is the air temperature increase to a level above the optimal and allowable maximum value (above 30 ° C) at which the root system of the plant is unable to compensate the amount of moisture evaporated through the leaves.
An increase in temperature can cause such phenomena as sea-level rise, changes in local climate conditions that may adversely affect the socio-economic development of many countries. Global warming may cause unpredictable changes in the environment. The increase in the average temperature of the Earth in recent decades is determined in the range from 2-2,5 ° C to 6 ° C. For the second half of the twentieth century, the temperature was increasing at a rate of 0,3 ° C for every 10 years.
Conclusion
Under the influence of global warming glaciers of Antarctica will melt, along with the Arctics and the highlands, which would raise global sea level. Global warming will create problems not only to residents of coastal countries, but also can lead to huge changes in the global climate. Increase in average temperature may affect agricultural production, crop change and quality of crops, and this, in turn will affect the livestock. In the energy sector, the most vulnerable will be hydropower. Also, global warming may cause the acceleration of metabolism in microorganisms that leads to the emergence of new epidemics among people and epizootics among animals which will massively multiply blood-sucking insects and pests of forests; consequently the disease spread will rise.
References
Lewis, M. (2014). GlobalWarming.org — Climate Change News & Analysis. Globalwarming.org. Retrieved 2 December 2014, from http://www.globalwarming.org/
National Geographic,. (2014). Global Warming -- National Geographic. Retrieved 2 December 2014, from http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/
