The birth of the Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world in a great manner. The invention of the radio, telephone, telegraph, and the computer gave birth to the internet. They were like the fore-runner to the Internet as they set the stage for the exceptional integration of functions and capabilities which resulted into the birth of the Internet. The Internet is a medium that makes it possible for individuals and their computers to collaborate and interact not minding the geographical location, it is a mechanism for the dissemination of information, in-short it allows a world-wide broadcasting capability. It is noteworthy to mention also that the Internet is a symbol that portrays one of the most successful benefits of information infrastructural development, commitment to research, and the benefits of sustained investment. It began with the early research in packet switching and has developed all the way to the level it is now. This exciting new technology i.e. Internet came up as a result of the partnership that occurred between the academia, the industry, and the government. Thanks to the advent of the Internet, today, such terms like http://www.lock.com and would not have been in existence.
Over the last two decades, since its coming into existence, the internet has experienced quite a lot of changes. The idea of the Internet was conceived in the era of time-sharing, it has found its way into the era or peer-to-peer computing, client servers, personal computers, and of course, the network computer. The design of the Internet was created before the existence of LANs, still it has been able to adjust itself to accommodate new network technologies which includes the more recent frame switch services and the ATM. The Internet started as the creation of a small band of focused and dedicate researchers whose vision was to create something that could support a range of functions starting from remote login and file sharing to collaboration and resource sharing. It has, however, spawned electronic mail and in recent times the World Wide Web, itself. Above all that have been said, the internet has developed into a commercial success which encompasses an annual investment of billions of dollars.
The Internet Protocol address can be described as a type of numerical label which has been given to every individual device participating in a computer network which carry out communication using the Internet Protocol. While, a data transfer protocol is described to be a standardized format for transmitting data between two devices. The variables such as end of-file acknowledgement, the data compression method, the error checking method in any data communication is determined by the type of protocol used. However, all data would need just one protocol if, and only if, all networking equipment and software has a similar behavior, and if the construction of all the networks are done in the same manner. In reality, the Internet is made up of several millions of varying networks executing a wide array of software and hardware combinations. It therefore takes a combination of well-engineered protocols in order to make it possible to stream digital media content reliably to clients.
Here are some of the International Networking Standards Organizations present in today’s world.
The ISO, International Organization for Standardization: This is arguably the biggest standards organization in the world today. It is a federation of standards organizations from a large number of countries. The ISO is renowned for coming up with the OSI Reference Model.
The ANSI, American National Standards Institute: It is the main body in charge of the coordination, computer publishing, and the informations technology standards in the United States. The ANSI oversee and accredit standards creating organizations. They are therefore classified as Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs).
The IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It is one of the biggest professional organization in the world today. It is a renowned standards/professional organization for those in the field of electronics and electrical, including computers and networking. What brought the IEEE to fame in the field of networking is actually the IEEE 802 project which contains several well-known networking technologies among which is the Ethernet.
