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Nursing evaluation and diagnosis of LBP
Lower back pain or LBP without any severe injury is mostly caused by musculoskeletal problems such as acute lumbosacral strain, ligament instability in lumbosacral section osteoarthritis, muscle weakness, spinal stenosis, and intervertebral disc tribulations, mobility impairment in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacroiliac regions, and due to generalized pain. The problem linked to a musculoskeletal problem often appears due to excessive physical activity (Koes, Van Tulder & Thomas, 2006). Acute LBP is encountered in primary care. For diagnostic procedures, it is necessary to identify the location, nature, and proliferation of the pain. Diagnostic evaluations include vertebral X-rays to recognize whether there is any dislocation, fracture, infection, an incidence of osteoarthritis. Computed Tomography (CT), MRI and ultrasound are other diagnostic measures that are recommended to reveal the underlying problem. During the patient’s session with the healthcare provider, it is essential to observe his posture, and position of sitting or standing. Physical examination includes assessment of spinal curvature, iliac crest and shoulder symmetry, muscle spasm and tenderness, body weight.
Teaching interventions for acute LBP
1. Provide him sufficient knowledge about the body mechanics, right postures of sitting and appropriates angle of bending.
2. Encourage him to perform adequately to avoid weakened mobility and further pain.
3. Design a proper nutritional plan for the patient because often imbalanced nutrition causes LBP.
4. To relieve the pain motivate the patient to take sufficient bed rest, and modify the position of lumber flexion.
5. The patient should be taught to control his pain using the diaphragm and respiratory relaxation approach that lowers the muscle anxiety contributing to the pain.
6. Encourage him to involve in other recreational activities such as book reading, and video games that will help him to distract (Burton et al., 2006; Van Tulder et al., 2006).
Future preventions
On pain relief teach the patient for self-care activities to avoid the incidence in future.
2. Encourage him to change his position that is a part of health education. Teach him how to lift an object, sit, stand, and lie down.
3. To avoid the incidence of pain again, the proper schedule should be designed including several prohibitions such as, an excessive activity that can strain the back, gaining or losing excessive weight, avoidance of drugs and control and manage pains through natural means.
4. To lessen the responsibilities techniques can be implemented to avert physical sprain (Van Tulder et al., 2006).
5. For future prevention, it is essential to teach him proper pain behavior and provide emotional and psychological support to the patient. Family can also be involved in interventions and teaching care plans (Burton et al., 2006).
References
Burton, A. K., Balagué, F., Cardon, G., Eriksen, H. R., Henrotin, Y., Lahad, A., & Van Der
Beek, A. J. (2006). Chapter 2 European guidelines for prevention in low back
pain. European Spine Journal, 15, s136-s168.
Koes, B. W., Van Tulder, M. W., & Thomas, S. (2006). Diagnosis and treatment of low back
pain. British Medical Journal, 7555, 1430.
Van Tulder, M., Becker, A., Bekkering, T., Breen, A., Gil del Real, M. T., Hutchinson, A., &
Malmivaara, A. (2006). Chapter 3 European guidelines for the management of acute
nonspecific low back pain in primary care.European Spine Journal, 15, s169-s191.
