Introduction
The nursing theory is identified as a creative and accurate formation of ideas purposely for orderly consideration of an incidence. The nursing theory types are; mid-range nursing theory, nurse practice theory, and grand nursing theory. Mid-range nursing theories often are not much wider scope compared to the grand nursing; it also does provide successful connections with both nursing practice and grand nursing theory. The most commonly applied mid-range theory includes; Orland’s theory of a well-calculated process of nursing, Peplau’s theory that involves interpersonal relations, the human caring theory of Watson (Barrett, 2005).
Apparently, most of the mid-range theories are present. The various categories of mid-range nursing theories that exist can be classified into two categories namely the Middle-range explanatory theories, which tends to give the specific relationships between two or more phenomena. The other category is the Middle-range predictive theories. These theories tend to move far beyond the normal description and usually tend to give a prediction of an event. They tend to give the similarities and the differences between various concepts.
Explicit And Implicit Assumptions
In regards to the mid-range theory of holistic care, much of the explicit and implicit hypotheses can be determined by the connections of spiritual well-being and the life quality of patients. The initial assumption is connected to the relationship between the faith of the patient and the quality of healthcare. Second, during the illness, a relationship is created with the patient’s religious practices and well-being. Third, in his holistic experience, the patient creates a relation within his feelings of spiritual fulfillment and the quality of life. In general, the assumption can be identified as a relationship with the holistic care and the quality of life within sick individuals. It provides the options presented in the analysis, nursing researchers to the mid-range theory test of comprehensive care and is utilized in the collection of healthcare in keeping up with illness and disability for patients. Fawcett (2012) further indicates that the mid-range theory as applied in holistic wellbeing involves the metaparadigm of four non-rational and rational propositions. According to Fawcett, the four non-rational propositions of metaparadigm as to what nursing concerns, includes relational propositions.
Description of Four Concepts of Metaparadigm
There are four necessities for metaparadigm in any subject,
1) a distinctive domain from different other subjects,
2) all-inclusive phenomena of interests to the issue in a more prestigious manner
3) perspective neutral and Global in scope and substance.
The metaparadigm is composed of different other domains, often regarded as a typology. These domain types of nursing metaparadigm have been suggested, for example, Kim (2000) proposed a four-domain typology included of clients, client-nurse, practice and environment. The customer domain is related to only the phenomenon that is relevant to the client. The client-nurse domain is based on the phenomena that emerge from the interactions with nurse-client. The domain practice is referred to as the thing that nurses do as professionals. The environment domain is comprised of physical, symbolic and social components of the clients’ external worlds, both present, and the past, the four domain typology in most cases are cited with nursing literature including a person, society, health, and nursing. The metaparadigm mentioned by Fawcett is comprised of four non-rational and four other rational propositions. The non-rational proportion enables the provision of defined four domains and the cognitive dimensions describing the connection involved within the domains.
Lucidness and Consistency
Nursing theories have the ability to be created using inductive or deductive approaches. In developing a theory, the inductive approach is utilized in the presence of the available information. At this point, observations are often commonly used. On the other hand, the deductive method accompanies qualitative policies when the theory is being developed. The theory of middle range of healthcare or holistic care is important in familiarizing the nursing the holistic healthcare; this is also crucial to medical practitioners and nurses for the ones who provide care to people with illnesses that are life threatening. The patients dealing with such situations try hard to be self-aware of the state that they live in. The mid-range theory of healthcare in poor health assists nurses to assess the needs of the patients’ and to further establish wellbeing interventions.
According to Doka (2014), holistic health counseling refers to an act of counseling by analyzing and recognizing a disease and giving healthcare procedures that identify and respond to the perfect health state of the patient. The approach is conducted morally, in representing a traditional alternative approach for the biomedical use of medicines in healing diseases or simple illnesses. This biomedical approach assumes that the beginning of the disease starts from disorders in the body risking effects to the body hence leading to a disability, impairment of the normal functioning system of body organ and social life restriction. Holistic counseling process considers spiritual, emotional, physical and economic needs of the patient, their responses to the disease and the illness effects brought about by the conditions on the individual’s ability to meet the needs of self-care.
Various theorists who support or even criticize it have discussed the theory. Theorists such as Linda M. Sawye, Karen Schumacher, and DeAnne K. Hilfinger Messias among others have written about the same theory. They have been able to express their support for the transition theory, which has been able to retain its originality from the days of its drafting (Messias, 2014), The theory also uses the philosophical orientation. This stage categorizes the functionality of an approach into three basic parts, the part carrying the human needs and wants. The area addressing the adaptations of the humans to regular activities and the health or the illness situation people are going through (Kolcaba, 2001). This stage uses the concept of the comfort analyzing where there is the attainment of the basic human needs. These might include the ease, the human relief, as well as the divine existence. This is also characterized by the inductive and the reproductive stages. In the retroductive stage, there is the selection of the most appropriate phenomenon, best qualified for the testing process. This process helps in the development of the best ideas that aim at the realization of the best outcome and the selection of the phenomenon with the best outcome.
Finally, the meaning of the theory is consistent due to its foundational assumption. This consistency is essential. If Rodger’s Science of Unitary Human Beings (SUHB) forms the assumptions of the middle range theory, the meaning deduced from the theory should not violate these assumptions. One would not use the language of “adaptive response” in theory purportedly derived from the SUHB. If the assumptions are not derived from an existing conceptual model theory, the synthesized assumptions provide a frame of references for the analysis. Without this, one is left to analyze inferred foundations and how the middle range theory corresponds to their meaning
How the Theory Would Guide Nursing Action?
According to Happell et al., (2012), nursing involves assisting people through moments of difficulties. Which is why, holistic care involves with its modern practices for nurses that express reasonable care for patients including care of the body spirit and mind. It is obtained by making available mental, physical and spiritual well-being of a patient. This improves the life quality of a patient. This care is given to ensure a balanced lifestyle, for prevention and cure of a disease that patients suffer from, for assurance of a healthy life.
Kolcaba (2011), indicates that the formulation of concepts in the mid-range theory is chosen due to the notion of well being. In practice, applying the mid-range theory is far utilized in the evaluation of the theory. These approaches might be employed in educating nurses and for healthcare practitioners. The well-being theory in illness is a mid-range theory and can also be used for other studies. For example, other studies may focus on the contributions of the health of patients. The theory can be used as a procedure for practicing nurses for the development of the practice. Kolcaba further illustrates in his research the testing of mid-range theory with analysis displaying that validity and reliability of the nursing theory had been perfect. Through qualitative analysis, performed by Kolcaba, the hypothetical framework is confirmed by the research.
Apparently, the body of a human organ acts as series of communicating energies. Today the holistic health that enables mind and body language has, for the better part, been valued for the healing process. Therefore, if these diseases can be identified at their first layer in the human energy body, which implies that, their protection is guaranteed. The etheric level includes the very first layer within human energy system that in the case of an imbalanced state can further into emotional, physical and mental-spiritual difficulties. However, this can be corrected by rebalancing the energy using the exact frequency of vibrational medicine. Vibrational medicine acts as a balancing energy system for people who do not have the ability to control energy modes to normal levels.
Using the Theory
The main purpose of the theory is ensuring that theorists, nurses, researchers and practitioners develop and enhance nursing business. The metaparadigm is utilized in the analysis and framework for comparison of nursing theorists. More scientists with nursing skills continue to urge the development of the theory in the nursing subject perspective. Additionally, mid-range theories have satisfied the fundamental purposes of differentiating nursing from different other healthcare professions. The mid-range theory has been considered useful in research practice for nurse scientists. It has helped nurses by supporting the consideration of behaviors of different patients, enabling interventions and probable strategies for the effectiveness of the theory
Hover-Kramer (2011), affirms that the most observed energy from of healing is the Healing Touch. Most of the science understudies have considered this concept for the understanding of the energy therapy involved in Healing Touch. Research has been conducted, and observations made regarding the impacts of the Healing Touch for diseases such as cancer, heart diseases, headaches, and symptoms such as anxiety, fatigue, and stress. The observations made support the utilization of the method of minimizing pain, fatigue, anxiety tension and stress for patients. Furthermore, the assessment technique of cognitive deficit in enhancing diseases such Alzheimer enables detailed awareness within patients about the disease. Conclusions, on ‘anosognosia’ screening in Alzheimer diseases, are important to assess for amnesia both after and before the test of the memory (Barrett, 2005). A necessity, therefore, should be ensured in diagnosing pre-clinical control of Alzheimer with self-awareness and assessments.
The theory also shows a trend in the development of the set nursing fields. In this relation, there are a lot of farmable organizational ideologies that interlink to form the basic research and the interdisciplinary frameworks needed. This theory tries to strategize and analyze various problems such as the fundamental problems experienced in the nursing profession. It also aims to strategize and investigate the inadequate staffing policies. This is through the analyzation of the staffing quotas, with the goal of improving their standards as well as the improvement in their numbers. It also seeks to address the various aspects of the qualitative analysis that pertain the administrative policies and strategies in the healthcare sector. There is also the problem of young trainees and nurses with the increased desires and willingness to leave their hospital jobs to seek for other jobs elsewhere (Peterson & Bredow, 2001).
The theory uses the philosophic orientation, which uses the deductive, reproductive reasoning as well as the inductive reasoning. It also employs the use of the operationalization of the whole system with the aim of attaining the patients comfort. The theory uses the various steps to accomplish the required results. These measures might include the environmental framework, whose primary foundation is the creation of a preliminary stage (Kolcaba, 2001). This is the stage where nurses are introduced to the system, and they develop positivity as well as the experience they need in the nursing profession. This process uses various stages about the analyzation of the theory. These phases and procedures include the sophisticated theorization, the induction, and the deduction procedures. It also employs the use of the deduction and subtraction from the existing practices and procedures.
Finally, this theory can be used to strategize and analyze various problems such as the fundamental problems experienced in the nursing profession. It also does direct and investigate the inadequate staffing policies. This is through the study of the staffing quotas, with the goal of improving their standards as well as the improvement in their numbers. It also helps in addressing various aspects of the qualitative analysis that pertain the administrative policies and strategies in the healthcare sector. There is also the problem of young trainees and nurses with the increased desires and willingness to leave their hospital jobs to seek for other jobs elsewhere (Peterson & Bredow, 2001).
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