Abstracts
China—Case Scenario
China accounted for 10% of the global diversity of flora and fauna, but the draining of wetlands, deforestation, degradation of pastures, pollution of air and water have led to the loss of many species of flora and fauna. However, the loss of biodiversity has long been neglected. Priority environmental issues were recognized primarily those associated with industrial pollution.
As a result of industrialization and urbanization, China has become a major problem of drinking water shortage. China actively promotes policies and measures aimed at mitigating climate change and has made progress in regulating the structure of the economy, changing the forms of development, all-round energy savings, increasing the efficiency of energy consumption, optimizing the energy structure, as well as afforestation.
In accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China is a socialist state of the people's democratic dictatorship. At the administrative level, China is divided into 30 units of the first level, including 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities (cities under the central government). On July 1, 1997 in China was created the special administrative region Hong Kong. In each province and territorial unit had its own People's Congress, People's Council, People's Court and the Prosecutor's Office, directly subordinate to the higher rank the relevant authority, which created a single clear vertical hierarchy of power. Direct voting elects only members in the lowest level (rural communes, urban settlements or urban area).
The economy of the People's Republic of China ranks 2rd in the world in terms of GDP. The construction of a market economy is carried out in China under the leadership of the Communist Party on the basis of five-year plans. The economy retains its stratification. At high rates of economic growth it is extensive. China is developing its own system of education, training students abroad (particularly in the US and Japan), promotes the import of technologies to develop the progressive sectors of the economy such as manufacturing software, new materials, telecommunications industry, biotechnologies.
Peoples Republic of China includes Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau. The number of China's population - more than one billion three hundred million people. The population of China is characterized by a high average age, which is a consequence of the policy of "one family - one child". The growth rate of China's population is only 0.49%, ranking 151 th place in the world. Currently, the age structure of the population of China is characterized by an intense increase in the number of people of working age. In the early years of China at a young age accounted for 34% of the population, but because of strict demographic policy aimed at reducing the birth rate, the number of young people has fallen.
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