1. Introduction
God created all things visible, invisible, including all spiritual beings. God’s work of creation was good, both physically and morally. God blessed creation with all his loving-kindness. God has given responsibilities to all the living beings as a care taker of earth. Out of all creations the human begins is the dominant creation in the earth. The human begins framed a certain rules by themselves and they strict to that rules. Even they don’t know whether the framed rules are morally correct. There is lot of moral principles written by many people. Most of the moral principles are highly valuable moral principles. If humans abide by that principle we can bring some meaning to our life. The David Hume is the great philosopher (Cited in Wikipedia 2013) who gave rebirth to the moral principles and also he gave a deep meaning on how to determine a good human being. The good human being is completely determined by the moral principles. The David Hume’s Principles on moral principles gives a great value for good and bad thing. The David Hume moral principles are opposed by the many philosophers called Kholsberg. But among lot of people the Hume’s moral principle are accepted valued principles. Many saints are following Hume Moral principles. The Hume moral principles are standard and completely accepted by most of the people of all generation. The David Hume’s moral principle of pleasure and pain bring some different meaning to good and bad. The good and bad differs from the different group of people. Some of the moral principles are not giving the universal truth on moral view. The universal law for moral view differs from community to community. The moral principles should be common to all told by Hume.
2. David Hume’s View on Good and Bad
During the period of Hume the big question raised among the people that how one can decide good or bad. The question was answered by some philosopher that brings some controversy among people and moral community during that time Hume came with an excellent answer that good or evil is decided by the pleasure or pain of doing that duty. If people feel pleasure to approve that duty then it is consider being good among the people. If people consider pain for approval it is consider to be pain (cited in Stanford Encyclopedia 2010). The good or bad on the people is completely depends on the nature of reaction among the people. According to Hume the good or bad cannot be decided by common rules framed, it should be decided morally. The good or bad should be decided by the reaction and effect of people on the particular job. The Hume’s ethics on good or bad is mostly followed in tribunal. The tribunal judgment is given based on how much one person got affected while doing some work compare to other. The most affected person got judgment in favor. The most of the people don’t know what is good or bad. Some people are affecting someone without any reason the ultimate sufferer is the affected person according to Hume. The Hume’s principle on good or bad is ultimately following some moral principles. The moral principles quoted by Hume are much accurate that will bring equal justice to all human beings. The Hume’s ethical principle on good or bad will make each and every human being to know about the ethical principle of good or bad. The moral duty and obligation of each and every people is completely understood by the Hume Ethical principles. The ethical principles of Hume bought some revolution in Hume ethical principles. The moral duty and obligation of each and every human is completely brought some deep understanding and knowledge by Hume. The Hume principle on good or bad is the basic principle on morality.
3. David Hume on Passion
The David Hume keeps his strong argument on the passion. According to David Hume the passion is one of the impressions in human beings rather than ideas. The impression of oneself creates the passion. The passion completes decides one’s pain and pleasure says David Hume. The impression of in the sense of hope, scare, joy etc there are lot of factors which will decide passion there may be bad passion and also good passion says David Hume the passion of oneself decides the pain and pleasure of oneself (cited Stanford encyclopedia 2010). The pain and pleasure of oneself is based on what type of thing does he or she want to get achieved. The passion brings pride and shame to oneself. The pride is due to the person is willing to accept the things done by him and the pain is the person doesn’t want to accept the things to get done. The passion is completely depends on ones nature of doing things whether is supporting him or its opposing him. The passion of oneself will may bring pride and pleasure. The passion is the impression created by the people by themselves.
3.1 Influencing motives of will
According to David Hume the intentional action is the result of passion. The action done by a human will result in passion. The passion will decides everything. The everything is decided by the passion. The motivating passion is due to the specific cause. The motivation is not completely depends on one environment it completely depends on multiple environment. The motivation will bring good passion says David Hume. The motivation may be given by parents, friends any one or by any means. The good passion will give a good impression on the particular human being. The impression on the sense making human to have thrust, hunger, pleasure and pain etc. The pleasure and pain came only from the motivating passion.
4. David Hume View on Emotional Judgment
According to David Hume the moral judgment is based on the person’s background data it is completely based on sentiments. David Hume says the moral judgment is completely based on one’s sentiments. He called it as the ethical approach. The judgment made by the people should completely make in an ethical way. The sense of human will decides which thing will be right and which thing will be wrong which is completely depends on the sentiment of each and every human being. Let we take an example if a person takes some ones money to food we should not consider as ethically wrong (cited Wiki How 2012). The person takes money in order to satisfy his or her basic needs. The necessity makes him to do crime. The people who were in the state of judgment should take decision based on the situation of the person. The David Hume calls it as sentiments. The Hungry men who take his or her money to have food for survival should not be considering being crime. It should be consider as ethical in nature. But almost all the tribunal is giving punishment to the person regardless of his or her situation. The situation of the person makes him a thief it should have a ethical approach. It should not have un ethical approach. The most of the rules framed by the human doesn’t follow the ethical approach. According to David Hume the ethical approach will come only by the sentiments. The sentimental decision will be the ethical decision because it doesn’t depends on self interest. The sentimental decision made by a person will ring pride or pain to the individual but we should keep one thing in mind that all the decision cannot favor every one. The main motto of David Hume is that the judgment given by the person on other person should be of ethical it’s by following sentiments. The pleasure and pain is based on the impression on the human beings. The impression made by the human beings will or should make then pride among others.
5. The Common Point of View on Emotion
The David Hume already keeps the point that the moral judgment should completely depends on the sentiments, so the question rises among us what causes the sentiments? David Hume has answer for this question that the sympathy causes the sentiments. He also says the sympathy is the major cause of sentiments and which is out of our self interest. The sympathy transmits the sentiments in to the moral judgment according to the David Hume the judgment should completely depend on the sentiments. The judgment should be made by considering his or her situation. The sympathy are caused by one own thought of the particular action. Some action may be consider to be good for some people and some cause may be consider as bad for some people.
6. David Hume on Artificial and Natural Virtue
The David Hume keep an ethical point that the moral judgment is completely depends on the quality of mind. The quality of one’s mind will decide the person’s quality. Let us take example weather the laziness is considered as the virtue or vice. The David Hume has the answer for this question the laziness can be taken as virtue or vice is completely depends on the position of the person (cited Wikipedia 2013). The position of the person plays the major factor the action done by the person. Our sense of every kind of virtue is not natural. Some virtue may produce pleasure and some virtue may produce pain. The pain and pleasure of the person is completely depends on one’s own action taken by the person. The quality of mind will decide one’s own ethical behavior says David Hume. The ethical behavior of a person will help the person to live morally responsible person.
7. Is Hume a relativist?
The relativism is a theory that will oppose all the moral principles it keeps only relative approach. Not all the moral principles are opposed by the relativism, but some approach is opposed by the moral relativism. The descriptive position of seeing action even it holds some amount of truth are called moral relativism. The moral relativism are sometimes also called relativistic theory (cited Wikipedia 2013). The David Hume’s argument is based on moral relativism. According to relativism the truth differs by each and every individual. No one can say this as truth David Hume says there is no particular ting about the truth or evil. This controversy starts from the ancient Greek period. The David Hume is the man who cleared the controversy he says the knowledge comes only by the experience. The knowledge of each and every individual is completely depends on experience. The David Hume argues that the know one can know anything certain. He says we don’t have knowledge on causality because we don’t have experience on causality. The causality will associate the events together. The events are those which will experience together. The argument made by David Hume on Knowledge and experience made the moral relativism in to a major theory. The moral relativism is the good position to hold because different culture has different moral standard to follow. All the moral principles may not correct some real time approach to solve the problem should be made. The moral relativism keeps some real time point on what is good or bad. The knowledge comes only by experience can we say each and every one got much of experience in solving the problems. The relativism concept told by David Hume is good to hold. The theory is applicable to each and every where. The Principles of David Hume is mostly common to all. The moral relativism also tells us that the ‘good’ ‘bad’ ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ is not completely depends on universal truth. The most of the moral principles doesn’t follow the universal truth. The things we consider to have universal moral principle are followed by only certain group of people. The relativism have a great approach on moral principles it insist some moral principles should be get changed based on the relativism law. The moral principles need not to be same each and every where in real time it is changing place to place for example death penalty it is consider to be moral in one country at the same time it is consider to be immoral in other country. The relativism shows a way to moral judgment to all other theory.
8. Conclusion
The David Hume presents the modern approach to the pleasure and pain. The pleasure and pain of the particular people is completely depends on the approval of one action or disapproval of one action. The approval of action will vary by person to person. The David Hume also says that the moral judgment should completely based on sentiments. The sentiments are the major factor which can decide the moral judgment. The sentiments caused are out of our self interest. The sympathy will cause sentiments. The sympathetically approach on moral judgment should be made. The ethical behavior of one’s mind is decided by the quality of mind. The quality of one’s mind will decide the ethical value of one’s mind. The passion is the impression created inside the mind. The passion may be good or bad. The good passion will decide by the pleasure acquired by the person. The passion creates impression. The person is completely responsible for choosing the passion. The passion is the completely tough behavior that decides one’s mind. The motivation also decides good passion of one self. The David Hume argument on ethics is of real time approach. It will be good if its get implemented all over the world. The ethical principles of David Hume based on relativism.
References
1. Hume’s Moral Philosophy, Standford Encyclopedia of philosophy told, 2010. Available from: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume-moral/#pred. [9 December 2012]
2. Moral Relativism, Wikipedia told, 1999. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_relativism#Descriptive. [9 December 2013]
3. Kant and Hume on Morality, Standford Encyclopedia of philosophy told, 2010. Available from: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume-moral/#pred. [9 December 2012]
4. How to determine moral principles without religion, wiki how told, 2012. Available from: http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-Moral-Principles-Without-Religion. [ 10 march 2011].
5. Relativism, Wikipedia told, 1999, Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativism.[9 December 2013]
