Hadith can be considered as the biography of the Prophet, it was imprinted in the memory of his community as an example to follow. Hadith were commonly transmitted during the first three centuries of Islam, they allow us to understand the Islamic worldview and tradition. This work is an attempt to analyze the role of Hadith in Islamic tradition and prove that they greatly impact Islamic tradition.
The Hadith literature is a primary source that describes the Prophet’s directions and behaviors. 634-925 is the period when the Hadith literature was written down. It has a form of textual records and used as a primary source for the second period dated by 634-925. Hadith describe modern trends and directions in the Muslim community. Their basic collections include those of Ibn Majah (824- 56), al-Bukhari (820-70), Muslim (817-75), Abu Dawud (817-89), alTirmidhi (d. 892), and al-Nasa’i (830-915). Such literature is authentic because it involves attitudes of a community to current problems (Reda 2004). The first collection of stories about the Prophet of Islam and activity of Muslims emerged during the lifetime of Muhammad. Despite the fact that they were known during the life of the Prophet Muhammad, however, the transmission of Hadiths was originally carried out in an oral way after His death, their number increased and reached tens of thousands.
During the first century of Islam Hadiths were absent and contemporaries reported the deeds of Muhammad and activity of first Muslims. As the result, there was a tradition of a suspicious nature, which reflected traditions of the family or clan. In order to stop such problems and improve communications in all aspects of the life of the Islamic community, the science of tradition was introduced, it became one of the main branches of Islamic thought. The basis of this science was to consider traditions, identify false traditions and distinguish them from the original.
Islam is a comprehensive religion and proposes some solutions to Muslims in all spheres of social life. The Quran and Sunnah seem to be the Muslim‘s key to success. Hadith play a great role in Islamic tradition because they propose certain attitudes to wealth, to livelihood, to time and to leisure (Ahmad, Owoyemi 2012). The life of Muslims in the Middle East has been always associated with an earlier tradition. The Islamic tradition is based on appropriate understanding of the prophetic mission of Muhammad. The key to understanding how to establish traditions in Islam can be found as follows - "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad - His slave and Messenger", which is a link between God and the Muhammad. Islamic tradition derives from the primary phenomenon of the Quran, Prophet Muhammad received it personally. The recognition of Hadith cannot be separated from the recognition of Muhammad.
The role of Hadith in Islamic tradition is great as they proclaim basic rules of behavior and attitudes towards different situations. Thus, Hadith propose its point of view on wealth and poverty. They seem to condemn wealth. Thus, al-Baihaqi claims that the patient poor man will enter heaven before the grateful rich man by forty years. Hadith summarize that evil in wealth leads to penalization of its owner (Bellamy, Ibid: 51) (Ahmad, Owoyemi 2012).
Hadith stress a great role of work. The Quran and Hadith inform that time should not be wasted. It is obvious that the proper planning has wonderful results, and nothing happens haphazardly. Thus, this source proclaims a message to the community that they should contribute positively to the earth. Hadiths inform that jihad is equal to working hard and earning bread. If a person promises himself to work hard, he fully uses his experience and thanks Allah for the gift of mind. The last traditions suppose that it is a bad idea to neglect worldly activities and fail to work (Ahmad, Owoyemi 2012).
Hadiths prescribe Muslims to value a time as a commodity that should be properly used. Thus, the Prophet said that Adam‘s son will not get into Paradise until he has been questioned and answered satisfactorily, about his time and how he spent it. Such idea means that the Prophet would like the Muslims to properly use their time and do not waste it. People should productively spend their working hours, follow their duties and responsibilities. Religious obligations should be performed in the certain time period that teaches Muslims to do things without delay (Ahmad, Owoyemi 2012).
Hadith play a great role in Islamic tradition because they reflect trends of that time period. The Hadith collections establish attitudes towards women. Thus, there was a trend called «institute gender apartheid» that proclaimed to keep women apart from mosques and legitimize such practice through Hadiths. For example, the Prophet said that a dog, an ass, and a woman interrupt prayer if they pass in front of the believer, interposing themselves between him and the qiblah. It appears that women cannot interrupt men’s prayers and have to pray in front of them that is a religious tradition. There are problems with interpretation of this tradition because al-Fanjari means as not preventing women from praying near men (Reda 2004).
Hadith introduce a comprehensive world of faith, morality, and law to non-Muslims. The main place is occupied by legal provisions that complement the Quran. Hadith cover a wide range of moral, social, commercial and residential themes and issues, all areas of public and private life: what to do with the agony, the ritual ablutions, duty to forgive and other ideas. This information is characterized by attention to details, legal and ethical guidelines and recommendations. They inform a lot about honesty and fairness in business, for example, provide an example how one person bought a piece of land, found a pot of gold, and brought the gold to the former owner and stated that he did not buy it. He also rejected the findings, since he did not know that gold was buried. Arbitrator resolved this dilemma and proposed the son of one of them to marry the daughter of another, and got the gold after the payment of zakat.
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