PART 1
1. Spherule
Spherule is the smaller spherical structure that lives inside the host. Such as, in the case Coccidioides immitis when it enters the host the fungal hyphae breaks into smaller spores and develop into spherules which release endospores through rupturing inside the host.
2. Pyogranulomatous
Pyogranuloma is an inflammatory process that involves polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in the affected area of inflammation which can be manifested by the presence of macrophages, mononuclear cells, and lymphocytes. Such as Histoplasma capsulatum infections may result in Pyogranulomatous reactions inside dermal and subcutaneous tissues.
3. Differential Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis is a medical term that refers to the differentiation of a particular disease from the other conditions with similar symptoms. Such as, differential diagnosis of Cryptococcosis includes lymphoma, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis and fungal aspergilloma.
4. Etiological agent
Etiological agents are microbes and relevant toxins accountable for causing any disease in humans. For example, Cryptococcus neoformans are considered as the primary etiological agents for AIDS-cryptococcosis.
5. Disseminated
Disseminated means any infection or disease that spreads widely beyond its origin. Such as coccidioidomycosis infection cases over the period of 1994-2002 was disseminated among 14 % Caucasians, 44% African-Americans, and 28% Filipinos (Reiss, Shadomy and Lyon).
PART 2
2) Blastomycosis is caused by fungus Blastomyces that spreads through its microscopic spores present in the air that enters in its host while inhaling the air or breath that occurs mainly in Blastomyces prevalent environments such as wooden areas, moist soil and plant decompose. Another fungal infection caused by similar transmission mode is histoplasmosis which is caused by Histoplasma. This infection is more prevalent in central and eastern United States specifically from the areas containing excessive bat and birds droppings. After entering the lungs the both microbes develop into yeast and spreads to other parts including organs, joints, and CNS through the bloodstream. Fungus Coccidioides causes coccidioidomycosis with the similar transmission mode that is mostly endemic to the regions of Mexico, central and the Southwestern United States. After invading lung tissues the body temperature facilitates its development onto spherule that further ruptures releasing the endospores (Reiss, Shadomy and Lyon).
Works Cited
Reiss, Errol, H. Jean Shadomy, and G. Marshall Lyon. "Introduction to Fundamental Medical
Mycology." Fundamental Medical Mycology (2012): 3-30.
