Eukaryotes are organisms that made up of cells that have a have a nucleus that is bound by a membrane. They also have membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells do not have a nucleus or any membrane-encased organelles.
Similarities
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have DNA as their genetic composition or material. Secondly, both cells are membrane bound. They both have ribosomes. They have nearly the same basic metabolism. Both cells have vacuoles. Lastly, the two cells both have vesicles.
Differences
Eukaryote cells have a nucleus while the prokaryote cells lack a nucleus. Eukaryotes have a true membrane binding the nucleus in the cell, while the prokaryote cells lack a true membrane binding the nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have an endoplasmic reticulum while prokaryotic cells lack an endoplasmic reticulum. Plants and animals are both examples of eukaryotic cells. Bacteria are examples of prokaryotic cells.
Similarities between Plant and Animal Cells
They both have ribosomes. They both have mitochondria. Both plant and animal cells have Golgi apparatus. They both have a nucleus in their cells.
Differences between Plant and Animal Cells
Plant cells have plastids while animal cells lack plastids. Plant cells have a cell wall but on the contrary, animal cells don’t. Plant cells have chloroplasts but animal cells lack chloroplasts.
Functions of Cell Organelles
Mitochondria are responsible for energy production in cells. Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells and their function is to create glucose. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for creating fats and lipids. Chromosomes are responsible for cell division and creation of daughter cells. The nuclear membrane is responsible for regulating the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus. The function of the nucleus is to control all the activities of the cell, some of which include is metabolism, reproduction and growth. It’s the like the engine of the cell. Golgi apparatus synthesize and release concentrated lipids and proteins.
Similarities between Mitosis and Meiosis
In both processes, there’s production of daughter cells. Both processes involve the duplication of the cell’s DNA contents.
Differences between Meiosis and Mitosis
Meiosis is responsible for sexual reproduction. Mitosis is responsible for asexual reproduction. In meiosis, there’s crossing over of chromosomes but in mitosis, the chromosomes do not cross over. In meiosis, 4 haploid daughter cells are produced while in mitosis, 2 diploid cells are produced.
Function of mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis is the process responsible for growth and repair of worn out cells. Mitosis ensures that the daughter cells generated are identical to the parent cell.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that is responsible for sexual reproduction in organisms this includes human beings. Therefore, meiosis is responsible for the production of sexual gametes in the testes and ovaries. In meiosis, 2 haploid cells are produced.
