Essay 1
According to the book, Ethics in America, the general responsibility of the corporate executive is entirely to oversee and evaluate corporate workforce while ensuring the goals, objectives and targets of the corporate mission are met without discretion within ethical standards. This has to be handled in a way of personalising organisations by making them beloved sources of self-chosen authority as per Joseph Royce in his philosophical ethical standards. Ethical standards are a crucial property in success of any management in business or the corporate world. In this regard, the corporate executive has to play a big role in fulfilling this obligation through ethics management and ensuring the set standards leave the corporate market satisfied and ready to relate further in business.
Corporate leaders or executives are the strongest advocates of integrity and imposed authority and ethical emulations rather than coercive imperative authority where they have to be clear and vocal about forcefully charging or putting into task everyone in the company to ensure productivity with ethics. They have to focus not only on how profitable the actions of the workforce are but how ethical they also are. Senior corporate officers also argue the relevance of corporate ethics that governs the business, there is a direct financial gain and connection between ethics and the business turnover generally which has to be maintained.
Corporate heads have therefore a great responsibility to point out the long term financial cost that come along with unethical business venture including the company reputation among others. Through the involvement of the ethics and corporate governance that also includes the shareholders and the local community the executive plays a role in their accountability where he has to control decision making processes requiring that they are made with ethical standards that both safeguard the company’s reputation and thus ensure constant growth in their market base without loss of potential grounds.
Corporate executive responsibility on the community policy is given an unwilling ethical embrace where the policy is taken to be doubtfully not the role of the executive but the community to act and do policies that embrace integrity and are ethically standard and do not violate the company or corporate policy according to the ethics book in America and as per Keighley and Royce in the America business ethics excerpt.
According to the business ethics principles explained in the book here It should not be the role or the responsibility of the executive to administer deep policies and safeguard interests of the shareholders through scrupulous means that do taint the corporate’s reputation thus it is imperative to ensure legality and keen interest for these two entities; the community and the shareholders.
Law on Corporate Governance
Through a set of legal senses and personal incorporation gives a good way of corporate responsibility and accountability to surrounding environment. This stipulates that business ethics does not consider corporations and communities only as morally considering them as entities. Loyalty helps the achievement of this objective of the law while ensuring little or no accountability on the corporate governance.
However, different from the above stipulation of the American Ethics Law on corporate executive responsibility and accountancy it is really important for them to actually be in a position to oversee while personalising the corporate goals into an ethics backing and importantly; ensuring that they give guidelines to shareholders that helps them in decision making processes as well as ensuring the surrounding community and policies are well directed in line with the corporates interests. In this regard Royce in his work of business ethics he has used the principle of profound personalisation which he names “Corporations as persons” which basically gives an idea of implementation strategies following this principle. Based on this the philosopher makes a choice of different examples for implementation that vary into major corporate fields; those which majorly deal with a product based market and those which basically deal with service industry the direction is basically chosen basing that basic factor and thus enabling good corporate governance through integrity and a centralised ethical system unlike the provision of law.
As a conclusion to the discussion on the corporate executive overall responsibility it is important to put into consideration the role of the law and legal terms as stipulated in the American business ethics to ensure ethical productivity and this will have to come with an inclusion of shareholder management for their interests and their decisions which of course will have effect on the corporate business and its social responsibility.
Essay 2
Loyalty
Loyalty in Abraham’s Sacrifice to God
Loyalty is the faithfulness or the dedication to a person, country, group, foundation or something else, be it an object or a process. To philosophers loyalty may be differ to the latter when it comes to the things one can be loyal to basing that loyalty is strictly interpersonal or else it can only be to a broad range of things not one when it comes to objects. In this essay loyalty discussion will be based on the two dimensions of view the religious loyalty that is predominant in the act of Abraham, while the philosophical bit will be based on the Josiah Royce’s Philosophy of Loyalty based on the ethics of morality in a loyal life. Loyalty as depicted in the Ethics in America source reader analyses Christian loyalty that basically deals with a human faith and devotion of anything that is precious to them to the Almighty God through sacrifice. In the analysis of the book for the Genesis chapter 22 which basically discusses the Abraham’s big act of faith and loyalty of sacrificing his only son Isaac to God through a burnt offering as it was in the Jewish religion.
Genesis chapter twenty two basically depicts human loyalty to God through the’ test’ in the Bible which is the Gods test to Abraham. He told him to take his only beloved son Isaac and go to sacrifice him for a scorched offering on one of the mountains as God directed him. . Abraham was instructed to sacrifice his own son as from the command given and it was a big decision that he had to make since Isaac was his only beloved son and devotion and faith to the Maker is make Abraham the only thing that could
Allow him to do so. Due to his strong faith we see that Abraham rose very early in the morning prepared the donkey, his two young men and his beloved son Isaac for the long journey but he did not carry an animal for offering since he had made his mind that he was offering his own son. His son even spoke to him and asked him that they had everything else they wanted except the veal for the offering was not there and he told his son that God will provide for himself. Faithfulness and devotion in Abraham is seen at a climax when they have reached the mountain and the altar for the sacrifice was ready and he bound his son on the altar and as he took a knife to kill him, the angel of Yahweh called Abraham and told him not to lay his hand on his son Isaac nor do anything to him for he knew he feared God. God provided a Lamb for the offering whose horns where entangled in a bush. Isaac was the only son Abraham had but he was ready to sacrifice him to God an act that showed a lot of loyalty to God.
Philosophical loyalty by Royce’s ethics work also depicts this property but now in a different dimension of philosophy. He starts his work by definition of loyalty that brings a contrast with the faithful contrast point of view. Below is his analysis of philosophical loyalty. According to Royce the real meaning of loyalty is purposely meant to rule out moral evil causes and the people who serve them at large. Royce realized that most of the people negative attitudes historically have contributed to high degree of loyalty. Royce explained that the loyalty was regarding to specific group of people disrupting situation of the other people perfect opinion, there Royce differentiates really loyalty and vicious as follows. Is not always fair to individual but in general for every being at large for it updates my welfare not even to myself thus causing negative impact to the community at large. Communities that imply good virtues of being loyal Royce argues that are the perfect beings at large otherwise some communities tend to be the failures thus results to downfall towards loyalty.
There should be no limits to loyalty to God but to the country yes, there should be, just like the song goes give to Ceaser what belongs to Ceaser and to God what belongs to God thus there is need to have a faithful orientation well profound with a strong foundation and making good to make important considerations first before any actions thus it is imperatively important to do that evaluation. Wrapping up loyalty from the dimensions of view as per Ethics in America analysis of the whole topic it should be well clear that devotion and sacrifice is part and parcel of loyalty. While philosophy argues of its dual take on loyalty Christianity on the other side is universally focused on a critical role of ensuring loyalty through a faithful and an ethical point of view.
REFERENCE
- " Abrahams Loyalty., n.d. Web. 30 Dec. 2013. "Jesus- Our Redeemer: Abraham and Isaac. <http://www.life2christ.org/2013/07/abraham-and-isaac.html>., n.d.
- D., Melian. Ethics in America Second Edition. Fred Friendly, 2005.
- J., Royce. Relevance of Applied Ethics. N.B, 2009.
