Cejudo Cordoba, R. (2013). Making Sense Of Doing Wrong: On The Justification Of Compromise Decisions. Crítica , 45 (135), 29-53. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
This paper holds that compromises are types of agreement and types of decision. Its major objectives are the following. First, is to identify the formal organization of compromise situations (CD), or dilemmas where some CD cannot be avoided that includes jeopardizing the integrity of the maker of the decisions. Second, that by the notions of Amartya Sen’s of the basic and compulsive judgments and create a CD in a condition of compromise that is justified be morally. It concludes that the justified compromise situations involve rationally justified moral regret that assists to bridge the gap between consequentialism and deontology, respectively.
Cohen, M. A. (2012). Empathy in Business Ethics Education. (C. MacDonald, & A. Marcoux, Eds.) Bus Ethics J Rev , 1 (18), 113–119. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jbee2012918.
This paper challenges the application of empathy to the business ethics education of Cohen. It is argued that Cohen fails to address the problems of empathetic penetrability adequately and its accuracy in regards to reading the minds of another person. Given these problems, the empathy is less important as an antecedent to the moral action than the suggestions of Cohen.
Lang, G. (2013). Should Utilitarianism Be Scalar? Utilitas , 25 (1), 80-95. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
Scalar utilitarianism is a form of utilitarianism advocated by Alastair Norcross. It retains the evaluative commitments of utilitarianism while it dispenses with the deontic commitments utilitarianism, or its commitment to the significance of moral duties, or existence of requirements and obligations. This article disputes the arguments that are used to defend scalar utilitarianism effectively. It is challenged that the central Persuasion Argument of Norcross does not succeed. It is suggested more positively that utilitarian cannot easily distance from the deontic assessment, if scalar utilitarian admits as needed that utilitarian generates normative reasons for action in the evaluation.
Mellon, M. J., & Marley, R. (2013). Roger's Dilemma: A Situational Examination of Ethical Behavior in the Presence of Internal Control Deficiencies. Issues in Accounting Education , 28 (2), 337-351. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
This case exposes the students to the decision making vague condition ethically and legally. It also asks the students to practice by using their ethical sensitivity and by identifying situations where ethical conflicts are being presented. Students will learn the definition of insider trading of the Securities and Exchange Commission and through it, they will gain understanding of the recent interpretations of the Supreme Court regarding the specifics of constitutes insider trading. The students will also learn about the protection afforded legally to whistleblowers under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and learn about the code of ethics requirements that are applicable to the company senior financial officers publicly and the chief executive officer, as well. Finally, the students will be exposed to the definition of the internal control deficiencies and learn on how to identify the two types of internal control deficiencies.
Mower, D. (2013). Situationism and Confucian Virtue Ethics. Ethical Theory & Moral Practice , 16 (1), 113-137. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
In social psychology, situationist research focuses on the situational factors that have a great influence in the behavior. Doris and Harman argue that this research has powerful implications for ethics, virtue ethics in particular. First, they claim that situationist research presents empirical challenges to the moral psychology as presumed in virtue ethics. Second, they argue that situationist research supports theoretical challenges to virtue ethics as foundations for moral development and ethical behavior. There is a response offered from moral psychology using interpretations of Xunzi, a Confucian virtue ethicist from its Classical period. This Confucian account serves as a foil to the situationist critiques; it uncovers many problematic normative and ontological assumptions at work. There is a debate regarding the prediction and explanation of psychological posits behavior, moral education, and moral development. The account of Xunzi on virtue ethics responds to the situationist empirical challenge by uncovering problematic assumptions about moral psychology and demonstrates that it is not a separate empirical hypothesis. In addition, the virtue ethic of Xunzi responds to the theoretical challenges by offering new accounts of moral development and ground for ethical norms that attends to situational features fully while upholding the strong character traits.
Smith, J., & Dubbink, W. (2011). A Political Account of Corporate Moral Responsibility. Ethical Theory & Moral Practice , 14 (2), 223-246. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
It is conceived by the corporations as entities to moral responsibility that can be attributed. This contribution presents a political account of corporate moral responsibilities. It is argued in modern period that liberal democratic societies have underlying political needs to attribute greater levels of moral responsibility to corporations. Corporate moral responsibility is necessary to the maintenance of social coordination both advances the social welfare and protects the moral entitlements of the citizens. This political account conceives special capacities of self-governance that corporations can possess intelligibly. Corporations can be administrators of duty and they can incorporate moral principles voluntarily in their decision-making processes on how to conduct a business. This account supplements and transforms partly earlier on pragmatic accounts of the corporate moral responsibility through disentangling the responsibility from its conventional linkages with accountability, blame, and punishment. It represents distinctive ways to defend corporate moral responsibilities and shows how a Kantian thinking can help in disentangling the problems that surround the concept.
Steadman, J. (2012). Moral Responsibility and Motivational Mechanisms. Ethical Theory & Moral Practice , 15 (4), 473-492. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
This paper provides discussions and defenses of recent formulations about the moral responsibility for actions depend on the capacity to respond to any reasons. These formulations appear in some publications by Mark Ravizza and John Martin Fischer; the authors argue that the moral responsibilities involve kinds of control over the actions of an individual that they call it as guidance control. These kinds of control do not require the ability of the agents to do something different from what they actually do; however, it requires only the actual process leading to the action, as responsive in some suitable ways to the reasons that the agents have for their performance. It offers the following two innovations to the view of the authors: the level of control required for moral responsibility or the regular reasons-responsiveness is stronger than the views of the authors it allows and it gives a common-sense account of the kinds of motivational mechanism, relevant to moral responsibilities. These innovations show that this kind of view allows the people to answer some counter examples easily that appear in the current literature on moral responsibilities.
Stirling, C., Kilpatrick, S., & Orpin, P. (2011). A psychological contract perspective to the link between non-profit organizations' management practices and volunteer sustainability. Human Resource Development International , 14 (3), 321-336. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
This study applies the concepts of the psychological contracts to the relationships between management volunteers and practices. Formalization of the voluntary sectors is influencing on the experiences of the volunteers and breaching the psychological contracts from the perspective volunteers. These mixed methods study interviewed 67 volunteers and other volunteer coordinators or administrators. In addition, it collected mail surveys information from 152 volunteer in the organizations. The transactional management’s practice of keeping formal records and not paying volunteers out of pocket expenses are associated with volunteer recruitments and retentions negatively. Alternatively, it recognizes the volunteers through relational volunteer expectations and is positively links to adequate volunteers’ numbers publicly. The findings have important implications for the human resource development practices of the non-profit organizations in dealing with their volunteers. They suggest that the relational expectations of volunteers are significant to the aspects of the psychological contracts that could be used by the organizations as frameworks for developing the management practices that fit to the volunteer ethos of trusts and networks.
Tenbrunsel, A. E. (1998). Misrepresentation And Expectations Of Misrepresentation In An Ethical Dilemma: The Role Of Incentives And Temptation. Academy of Management Journal , 41 (3), 330-339. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
The investigation of the ethical decision-making in negotiations on the context revealed that the incentives of the focal actors influenced their misrepresentation and their expectations of their misrepresentation to the opponents. It is suggesting that individuals hold the motivated expectations about their opponents. The notions demonstrate that individuals engage in the defensive ethics that received the modest support. The incentives of opponents influenced the expectations about their misrepresentations; however, it did not impact the misrepresentation of the focal actors. However, the correlational data revealed significant relationships between the temptation of the opponents and the misrepresentation of the focal actors that is mediated by the expectations of the misrepresentation of the opponents. In addition, temptation mediated the proposed relationships, and suggested that it serves as an individual factor filtering to the situational influences of the incentives.
Wu, S.-I., & Hung, J.-M. (2008). A performance evaluation model of CRM on non-profit organisations. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence , 19 (4), 321-342. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
Recently, the Cause-Related Marketing or CRM has adopted by non-profit organizations gradually. However, for the evaluation of the effect of CRM, a non-profit organization still refers to its traditional financial data that could not understand the influences and effects of CRM on a non-profit organization completely. This research introduces the concepts of the Balanced Scorecard as the frameworks for the evaluation of CRM, and utilizes the five dimensions of the Balanced Scorecard in anon-profit organization to design questionnaires. The questionnaires are used to collect the performances data of a non-profit organization after the executions of the CRM, and it uses Structural Equation Modeling or SEM, verify the relations and interactions between each performance dimensions. The primary purposes of this research are the following: first is to analyze the influences and effects on a non-profit organization of its participations of the CRM. Second is to design reliable measurements index to evaluate the effect of the CRM. Third is to establish the relationship structure models of the influence factors of the effects of the CRM. This research shows that the measurement index developed by this research measures the facts that the non-profit organization has the effects in five dimensions after the executions of CRM such as organizational missions, financials, customers, internal processes, and learning and growth. These five dimensions influence each other effectively.
Reference
Cejudo Cordoba, R. (2013). Making Sense Of Doing Wrong: On The Justification Of
Compromise Decisions. Crítica , 45 (135), 29-53. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
Cohen, M. A. (2012). Empathy in Business Ethics Education. (C. MacDonald, & A. Marcoux,
Eds.) Bus Ethics J Rev , 1 (18), 113–119. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jbee2012918.
Lang, G. (2013). Should Utilitarianism Be Scalar? Utilitas , 25 (1), 80-95. Retrieved from
http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
Mellon, M. J., & Marley, R. (2013). Roger's Dilemma: A Situational Examination of Ethical
Behavior in the Presence of Internal Control Deficiencies. Issues in Accounting Education , 28 (2), 337-351. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
Mower, D. (2013). Situationism and Confucian Virtue Ethics. Ethical Theory & Moral Practice ,
16 (1), 113-137. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
Smith, J., & Dubbink, W. (2011). A Political Account of Corporate Moral Responsibility.
Ethical Theory & Moral Practice , 14 (2), 223-246. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
Steadman, J. (2012). Moral Responsibility and Motivational Mechanisms. Ethical Theory &
Moral Practice , 15 (4), 473-492. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
Stirling, C., Kilpatrick, S., & Orpin, P. (2011). A psychological contract perspective to the link
between non-profit organizations' management practices and volunteer sustainability. Human Resource Development International , 14 (3), 321-336. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
Tenbrunsel, A. E. (1998). Misrepresentation And Expectations Of Misrepresentation In An
Ethical Dilemma: The Role Of Incentives And Temptation. Academy of Management Journal , 41 (3), 330-339. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced?
Wu, S.-I., & Hung, J.-M. (2008). A performance evaluation model of CRM on non-profit
organisations. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence , 19 (4), 321-342. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced
