1. From 1962 with 1.43 for every 100,000 population, Canada’s homicide rate rose to 3.03 for every 100,000 population in 1975 (Statistics Canada Table 253-0001 2013).
2. The year 1982 registered the highest rate of robbery (Cansim D9506 2014).
3. Ontario registered its highest rate of robbery in 1991 at 9,823 (Cansim D9638).
4. Percent change of cocaine offences in Ontario:
Possession: 20.52%; Trafficking, Production & Distribution: 16.28% (CANSIM 252-077 2014)
5. As can be seen from Fig.1, these years start from 1973 to about 1994 (Cansim D9501 2014).
7. The ranking are as follows: 3 India; 4 Canada; 5 Egypt; 1 Mexico; 2 US
8. Possible causes of low homicide rates in developing countries may be underreporting or under-recording by the police (Shaw et al 46). This might also be the case for Egypt, which is a developing country according to the UN classification (UN 2012).
9. The WHO method of measuring homicide has proven to be more effective because it covers a bigger number of countries that are still developing and is based on hospital surveys, rather than police reporting, which is usually based only on first assessment, thus, omitting subsequent developments, such as death of the victims while they are treated in hospitals (Shaw et al 46).
10. The EU has the highest rate in total crime rate as of 2000 (Shaw et al 42).
11. North America has the highest rate of robbery incidences from 1990 to 2000 (Shaw et al 50).
12. Prince Edward Island (Dauvergne 4).
.
13. The following have the highest rates of criminal offences in various categories:
TOTAL CRIME
Violent Crimes. Nuvanut with 10,004 for every 100,000 population (Statistics Canada)
Property Crimes. NT with 24,024 for every 100,000 population (Statistics Canada).
LARGE URBAN
Violent Crimes. Saskatoon with 1,473 for every 100,000 population (Statistics Canada)
Property Crimes. Regina with 4,988 for every 100,000 population (Statistics Canada).
SMALL URBAN
Violent Crimes. Small urban British Columbia with 1,473 for every 100,000 population
Property Crimes. Small urban British Columbia (Francisco and Chenier 6)
RURAL
Violent Crimes. Rural NWT with 8,925.7 per 100,000 population (Franciso and Chenier 9).
Property Crimes. Rural NWT with 6,881.1 per 100,000 population (Franciso and Chenier 9).
14. The following are the ranking (Dauvergne 74, 78, 81, 87):
15. The Uniform Crime Reporting Survey or UCRS (Statistics Canada 2014)
16. Of the 63 prostitutes who were victims of murder, 60 were females (Duchesne 1995).
17. 2002 with 49,647 actual incidents of cannabis possession or 158.45 for every 100,000 population (Statistics Canada 2013)
18. The 2009 GSS reported that 7% of adults who used the internet reported being a victim of cyber bullying. About ¾ of them indicated threatening or aggressive emails as the most common form of cyber bullying they received (Statistics Canada 2013).
19. 7.4 million Canadians reported being a victim of crime (Statistics Canada 2014)
20. Crimes of violence against women are the least likely to be reported because of the stigma they bring or for fear of reprisal (Levy 28).
21. The absence of a uniform system of reporting crimes is one of the reasons why comparing crime rates of countries are difficult. Many developing and underdeveloped countries have fragmented systems of reporting (Dauvergne 11).
22. CANSIM stands for Canadian Socioeconomic Database. The database is provided for by Statistics Canada. The University of Toronto provides the website’s computer interface.
23. (a) Data set includes 1980 to 1997; (b) There are 17 data points; (c) 583.2; (d) The sum is 11,581; (e) Standard deviation is 33 (1044.7 – 1 = 1043.7; 32 x 32 = 1024; 1043/32 = 33)
24. End of regression line is approximately 630 (see Fig. 2); the calculated numbers are +/-428.4 and +/-598.5 [(.68x630) and (.95x630)]; the 1998 total homicide number, according to CANSIM is 558. CONCLUSION: Yes.
25. (a) 1.53 average homicide rate for Sudbury; (b) 588
26. (a) 423; (b) 32.5
27. (a) 96; (b) 8
28. (a) 3, (b) 0.3
29. (a) 0; (b) 0
30. STATISTIC SOURCE
Crime Rates Uniform Crime Reporting Survey
Age Labour Force Survey based on Census
Unemployment Labour Force Survey
Inflation Consumer Price Index
Alcohol Control and Sale of Alcoholic Beverages in Canada, Catalogue no. 63- 202, Public Institutions Division
31. OFFENCES Known Unfounded Actual Number OFFENCES CLEARED
aggravated assault 2 1 2
ADULTS CHARGED: Male: Female: YOUTH CHARGED: Male: Female: NOT CHARGED: 2
32. OFFENCES Known Unfounded Actual Number OFFENCES CLEARED
Motor vehicle theft 4 1 4
Robbery 4 1 4
ADULTS CHARGED: Male: Female: YOUTH CHARGED: Male: Female:
4 2
References
Cansim. D9501: Crimes By Offences 2014. Web. http://dc1.chass.utoronto.ca.librweb.laurentian.ca/cgi- bin/cansim/plot?s=D9501&f=PLOT&b=1962&e=1999&style=j&q=none&c=none
Cansim. D9638. 2014. Web. http://dc1.chass.utoronto.ca.librweb.laurentian.ca/cgi- bin/cansim/getdata?s=D9638&b=&e=&q=none&c=none&f=plain
CANSIM D9506. 2014. Web. http://dc1.chass.utoronto.ca.librweb.laurentian.ca/cgi- bin/cansim/getdata?s=D9506&b=&e=&q=none&c=none&f=plain
CANSIM. 252-077: Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations and police services, Ontario. 2014. Web. http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/pick-choisir
Dauvergne, Mia. Crime Statistics in Canada, 2007. Web. Juristat. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2008007/article/10658-eng.htm
Duchesne, Doreen. Street Prostitution in Canada. Juristat: 85-002-XPE, 17(2). 1995. Web. http://www.publications.gc.ca/Collection-R/Statcan/85-002-XIE/0029785-002-XIE.pdf
Francisco, Jocelyn and Chenier, Christian. A comparison of large urban, small urban and rural crime rates, 2005. Juristat. Web. http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/access_acces/alternative_alternatif.action?l=eng&loc=http://w ww.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/85-002-x2007003- eng.pdf&t=A%20Comparison%20of%20Large%20Urban%20Small%20Urban%20and% 20Rural%20Crime%20Rates%202005
HRSDC. Indicators of Well-being in Canada: Security - Crime Rates. 2014. Web. http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/?iid=57#M_3
Levy, Barrie. Women and Violence: Seal Studies. Seal Press, 2008. Print.
Shaw, Mark, van Dijk, Jan and Rhomberg, Wolfgang. Determining Trends in Global Crime and Justice: An Overview of Results from the United Nations Surveys of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems. Web. http://www.unodc.org/pdf/crime/forum/forum3_Art2.pdf
Statistics Canada. Criminal victimization in Canada, 2009. 2014. Web. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2010002/article/11340-eng.htm
Statistics Canada. Self-reported Internet victimization in Canada, 2009. 2013. Web. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2011001/article/11530-eng.htm#a1
Statistics Canada. Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR). 2014. Web. http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=3302
Statistics Canada Table 253-0001 2013. Homicide survey, number and rates (per 100,000 population) of homicide victims, Canada, provinces and territories. 2014. Web. http://www5.statcan.gc.ca.librweb.laurentian.ca/cansim/a26
UN. Statistical Data. 2012. Web. www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp//2012country_class.pdf
