Components of Intelligence in Adulthood
Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence of Cattel-Horn suggests that intelligence involves a number of different abilities that interact and work together in order to form a common intelligence of the individual. Two types of intelligence are to each other in mutually complementary relations. Therefore, when due to the age weakening of fluid intelligence the ability to solve certain types of problems is reduced, there are very effective strategies to overcome these problem situations through the advanced features of crystallized intelligence, which progressively develops almost all of human life.
According to the theory of Robert Stenberg, intelligence includes three forms: verbal intelligence (vocabulary, knowledge, ability to understand what they read); ability to solve problems; practical intelligence (the ability to achieve their goals and so forth.). Any individual is characterized by a particular combination of analytical, creative and practical intelligence. It is needed to create conditions conducive to the development of all kinds of intelligence without favoring the one-sided development of some of them.
In turn, Howard Gardner in 1983 developed his theory of multiple intelligences as a radical alternative to what he calls the "classical" view of intelligence as the ability to logical thinking. Gardner was struck by the variety of roles of adults from different cultures - the roles, based on a wide variety of abilities and skills, which is equally necessary for survival in their respective cultures. Based on his observations, he came to the conclusion that instead of single basic intellectual abilities, or “factor g”, there are many different mental abilities, occurring in various combinations. Gardner defines intelligence as the ability to solve problems or create products upon specific cultural characteristics and social environment. Theories of intelligence are significant because they allow understanding what intelligence is and on what its formation depends on. Knowing this, it is possible to assume that human intellect develops depending on the conditions in which he or she lives, and it allows predicting the behavior of people in their personal lives.
The Cultural diversity of Hawaii residents under the influence of Western influences creates an environment, in which a special mentality and intelligence typical of Hawaiians are formed. Hawaiians are indigenous Hawaiians, Asians, Native Indians and some other people, who live in close relationship (“Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islander Americans”). Native Hawaiians are characterized mostly by the low standard of living, work, education and health (Cho S., Salvail F.R.).
Thus, among residents of Hawaii obesity disease is common due to the low standard of living and malnutrition, which are difficult to eradicate from the culture. One can assume that culture and ethnicity play a key role in the health of Hawaii's population. Considering the seasoned professional environment in which there are gender stereotypes, it can be concluded that these stereotypes are rooted in social factors that are associated with gender, as well as with individual differences in personality, with openness and intelligence that formed in childhood. In addition, in the conditions of living in such an environment, for residents of Hawaii ethnic separatism, which appears in the life of the adult population since childhood, due to the environment, is typical (“Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islander Americans”). In addition, strong gender stereotypes are seen among Hawaiian society. Due to these factors, most of the Hawaii population suffers from depression and anxiety among gender and ethnic groups (Cho S., Salvail F.R.). This leads to the social consequences and impact on the formation intelligence, which is characteristic to Hawaii residents.
Works Cited
Cho, S., Salvail, F.R., Gross, P.L., Crisanti, A., Gundaya, D., Smith, J.M. Depression and Anxiety among Adults in Hawaii, A Focus on Gender and Ethnicity. Hawai’i State Department of Health. Web.
“Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islander Americans”. Asian-Nation.org. Web.
