Introduction
Demography, labor growth, and employment outcomes are the concept clearly illustrated in the articles. This includes the evolution and changing composition of new entrants in the labor market. The ELMPS06 data highlighted in the article, clearly brings out the various aspects of the labor market exploiting across the time constraint in the view that seeks to assume the current employment status of the individuals being evaluated. This is in the view of the minimum of the six months being viewed.
Despite these facts, the data presented also highlights the problem associated with the data with regards to the possibility of selection of the sample due to the factors affecting it such as death and migration of the people in the sample population to abroad.
These data is restricted from 1975-2005 since the probability of the individuals being dead or migrated is minimal. Hence, in the context of the constraints presented, no particular significance is given in the year-to-year basis fluctuations in the general trends of the data. The four year moving average is presented in the trend to help prevent the abstract from the annual fluctuations of the statistics of the population.
In the appendix table 2, unemployment by gender in the rural and urban areas between ages 15-64 is expressed in the ext ended labor force definitions using the different search criteria reflecting from 1988-2006 categorically.
This highlights the population in Egypt in the categories of:
- Broad definition
- Standard definition
- Narrow definition
In continuation of the view of the broad analysis of the statistics of the employment and unemployment criteria in the population, table appendix 3a highlights the reasons for unemployment by gender in both rural and urban locations between the ages 15-64 categorically. This further highlights the standard definition of unemployment and the associated reflections in the presented situations. This further illustrates the labor force definition from the years of 1998-2006. In addition, the categories are differentiated according to the following criterions;
- Absolutely no job opportunity
- No appropriate job opportunity
- All unemployed
This further illustrates the various reasons for unemployment, which includes;
- No work corresponding to qualifications
- No work at acceptable pay
- No work at suitable organization
- No work at suitable location
- No work available for other reasons
- All those with no appropriate job opportunity
The analysis is further performed in terms of the duration in months that the unemployment duration lasts in the content that highlights the median and third quartile by gender both in the urban and rural set up in Egypt. The different search criteria employed illustrated the various views concerning the age bracket of 15-64 in range. This seeks to illustrate the labor force definition available.
The results highlighted that public employment played an increasingly limited role in the absorption of new entrants. In addition, private sector formal employment is growing but rather on a low base. The statistics also illustrates that irregular wage employment is associated with high vulnerability to poverty though on a positive note it is declining.
This also highlights that new entrants climbed from 400,000 -900,000 in the mid 1970s to the first half of this decade. Hence, this shows that there is a relationship between the gross number of entrants and the net increment in employment.
In addition, the female gender increased from 680,000 per year in 19998-2006 period this reflects a 23% increase. In 2005, the employment of female gender saw to the increase of the number to 35% in the private sector. This is with respect to textiles, garments, and food processing manufacturing and white-collar service jobs. This is illustrated by the graph below.
