Air in D-P-S-E-E-A Framework . 3
Conclusion . 4
References 5
Air in D-P-S-E-E-A Framework
The D-P-S-S-E-A (driving forces, pressures, state, exposures, health effect and actions) framework is a model adapted for health purposes, which characterizes both the exposures and subsequent healthconsequences. It is an informative description of the manner in which the different driving forces create pressures that influence the condition of the environment and eventually human health. This is through the different exposure paths wherein individuals come into contact with the environment (World Health Organization, n.d.).
The framework characterizes the elements in a linear manner in order to characterize the relationships between aspects influencing health and the environment more accurately. It presents the fact that different driving forces are connected to health and environmentaltroubles. Pressures may be employed that result to different consequences, making the “state” of the environment to be ruined by the dispersion and buildup of pollutants. Individuals may be “exposed” to possible hazards, which may lead to various effects, which may include illness and death (World Health Organization, n.d.).
In response to this, different actions can be carried out at various periods of the framework and may come in different kinds including establishment of policies and standards, control of technical measures, health education and management of individuals with illnesses (World Health Organization, n.d.).
Figure 1.D-P-S-E-E-A Framework
Liu et al. (2012) presented that the D-P-S-E-E-A framework is conceptualized by the World Health Organization in order to assist in the establishment of E&H indicators. The driving force included elements that encourage the environmental processes included. Pressure is usually represented by human activity or manipulation of the environment. State depicts the standing of the environment. Exposure happens when people are exposed to environmental occurrences. Effect specifies health consequences from exposure to the environmental hazard. Action denotes interventions and policies directed at decreasing or preventing health consequences.
Moreover, the benefits of D-P-S-E-E-A include: (1) identifies the connections between exposure and health consequences; (2) permits for many entry sites in the cause-effect chain, connected to different levels of activities; (3) broaden the idea of driving forces to moreimprobable, relative factors; and (4) it is flexible and can be amended and revised (Liu et al., 2012).
Figure 1 shows the examples of the different indicators as applied using air.
Conclusion
In several instances, consideration is provided to more than one kind of indicator for the same concern to facilitate characterization of the possibilities.This is the same with the D-P-S-E-E-A framework that was presented in Figure 1 that utilized air as the indicator.Various factors were reflected that are substantial in the determination of actions that will address the possible health consequences brought by the forces and pressures involving the air, which people are most likely to be exposed.
References
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Framework for Linkages between Health, Environment and Development. [online] Available at <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/Indicatorschapter7.pdf> [Accessed 25 January 2016]
Liu, H.-Y. et al., 2012. Approaches to integrated monitoring for environmental health impact assessment. Environmental Health. [online] Available at: <http://www.ehjournal.net/content/11/1/88> [Accessed 25 January 2016]
