The term "personal space" is familiar to all of us. And the first meaning of the phrase says that personal space is what I am, and what my body is. But in fact, this concept is much broader: the concept of a personal space also includes our feelings, our views, our goals, our resources, our whole inner world with their emotions, thoughts and actions. It is both physical and material things, such as my desk, my favorite bag or my favorite books. Everything that concerns you coming along with everything that is important to you, and with everything that makes up your personality defines your life and all of this defines your personal space.
Each of us has our own belongings, our own interests, and our own personal space. Personal space is a space that people see as their property, and the penetration to this property they see as a threat to themselves and attempt to take away what each of us owns. Many people feel very uncomfortable about intrusions into personal space because of what personal space is. We believe that personal space is a zone controlled only by us and no one else. In this space, the person feels absolutely protected from any intrusion. Often private space many perceive even as a part of themselves. It is because of this many people do not like the trespass into this personal zone.(Hutchison, 2013)
A certain spatial area surrounds any animal. This area they consider to be their own personal territory. How big this area depends on how densely populated places in the habitat. Everyone knows that the natural instincts have a great influence on human behavior. Therefore, a person also has its own air envelope surrounding his body and its size depends on the population density of people in his place of residence, national characteristics, social status in society.
This all indicates that that anyone feels uncomfortable when strangers violate their personal space, because the natural unconscious instinct sees this as a threat or danger. As a result, the brain, so as not to overload itself, goes into a light trance, and people who are not accustomed to city life, at first lost even can be lost in the crowd and forget where they are and where they are going.(Hutchison, 2013)
The urban man is not only a resident, a unit of the population; it creates and lives in new inherently community, city, and a completely new spatial organization. A person becomes to be citizen at the same time with the inclusion of a new type of settlement, which is the city. He is a part of the city, and the city creates a citizen of it. People in the urban environment take many roles what makes them multifunctional. Psychological traits of citizens are processed, gradually approaching a certain average. People get formed inner conviction of psychological difference between citizen and country dweller. People's behavior, their reaction to certain events is generated during public acts, such as festivals, shows, parades, penalties that prescribe certain reaction behavior and experiences. The city creates a single, overall, a kind of common consciousness offset by new urban mentality.(Gifford, 2007)
Urbanization as a civilizational process is characterized not only as a change of residence of people, but also as profound changes in all the aspects of human life and society as a whole. Different various forms of human interaction, produced by rules of conduct in private and public life arise in the city, there are increasingly mediated by interdependence, there are new forms of communication. City creates physicality and mentality of the citizen. Urbanization appears to be a concept that refers to the process of the emergence of new types of settlements such as cities, as well as the growth of their role and influence on all settlement structure of the population. Urbanization is a new form of spatial and structural organization of population settlement, where a large share space of major importance and become the city.(Gifford, 2007)
Modern man always seeks the woods, the mountains, the sea, rivers or lakes. Here he feels a surge of strength vigor. No wonder that experts say that the best way to relax is in the lap of nature, the landscape can have different effects on our emotional state. Contemplation of the beauties of nature stimulates vitality and calms the nervous system. Vegetable biocenosis, especially forests, has a very strong healing effect. Their cool, harmony of sounds and colors, a variety of smells particularly pleasant person.(Gifford, 2007)
Link to the natural environment is particularly strong among urban residents. In the Middle Ages, it was observed that the life expectancy of residents is less than that of rural residents. The lack of greenery, narrow streets, small yards, where virtually no sunlight penetrates, creates unfavorable conditions for human life. With the development of industrial production in and around the city there was a large number of waste polluting the environment. This is why creating parks, zoos and plenty of gardens is a very important mission for every advanced modern city.(Gifford, 2007)
The green zones appear to be so vital as they are the sources that reduce the noise. Human response to noise is different. Some people are tolerant to noise, in others it causes irritation, the desire to get away from the noise source. Psychological assessment of noise is mainly based on the concept of perception, and of great importance to the internal adjustment noise source. It determines whether the noise is perceived as a nuisance. Often noise reproduced by the man himself, does not bother him, while a small noise from neighbors or some other source, has a strong irritant effect. Plays an important role in nature and frequency of the noise
Given the ability of green space favorably influence on the environment, they must be as close to the place of living, working, learning and recreation as it is possible. It is important that the city should become the type of biocoenosis that at least does not harm human health. One of the solutions to the problems of the city is an organization of parks. Green spaces not only create a favorable microclimate and sanitary conditions, but also increase the artistic expression of architectural ensembles.(Luxon & Prasher, 2007)
Parks resolves a number of environmental problems. Firstly, parks reduce air pollution. Trees and shrubs with dense canopy absorb the sounds of noise, with dense large leaves, and with lots of small branches. Penetration of noise in the park is prevented by ground open spaces that are lawns. Reducing noise, the park is responsible and to reducing dust and gas content. Urban air pollution, poisoning the blood carbon monoxide causes a non-smoker of the same damage as a smoker smoking a cigarette pack a day. Coming to the park, the man does not leave the boundaries of the city, but it gets to the bosom of nature, experiencing psychological and emotional decompression, removal of irritability. Caring for green spaces, preserving and multiplying them, everyone in the city can make a contribution to improving the environment of the city.(Luxon & Prasher, 2007)
Modern city is an ecosystem in which the most favorable conditions for life, where people should not be divorced from nature, but as it is dissolved in it. Therefore, the total area of parks, green spaces in the city should occupy more than half of its territory.
References
Hutchison, E. (2013). Essentials of human behavior. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Gifford, R. (2007). Environmental psychology. Colville, Wa.: Optimal Books.
Luxon, L., & Prasher, D. (2007). Noise and its effects. London: Whurr.
