Exercise 23
1)
The r-value for the relationship is -0.149. Since p=0.424, the result is NOT significant at the 1% level of significance
2)
Both values are equally strong. The first value indicates positive relationship and the second – negative relationship
3)
Since r=-0.149, the relationship is negative
4)
This relationship is positive, because the correlation coefficient is positive. The strength of the correlation is moderate
5)
The weakest relationship is with Shuttle run test, because the corresponding correlation coefficient is the closest to 0 (r=-0.457)
6)
a) Hamstring 120 / Hop: r=0.431 (p=0.016)
b) Quad 60 / Carioca: r=0.655 (p<0.001)
c) Quad 120 / Side: r=-0.519 (p=0.003)
d) Quad 60 / Triple: r=0.619 (p<0.001)
The strongest relationship is in b)
7)
r=-0.498
This is the correlation coefficient between the Quadriceps Strength Index 60/s and the Shuttle run test. The r-value indicates negative moderate correlation between the variables (p=0.004)
r=-0.528
This is the correlation coefficient between the Quadriceps Strength Index 60/s and the Side step test. The r-value indicates negative strong correlation between the variables (p=0.002)
Since the second r has the lowest p-value, it is more statistically significant.
8)
If the functional stability is only the first two tests, then I agree, because r-values are positive.
9)
This is because for each r, the corresponding p-values are higher than 0.01 (level of significance alpha). Since p>a, the relationships are insignificant.
10)
These values indicate the strong and direct relationship between the variables. The relationship is significant at the 1% level of significance.
Exercise 24
1)
r=-0.32
2)
This value indicates the negative moderate linear relationship between the variables. The value is significant at the 1% level of significance.
3)
This percentage is:
R2=0.53*0.53=0.2809
The percentage of variance explained is 28.09%
4)
This is the correlation between variable 3 (Positive Items) and variable 7 (Avoidance). The relationship is positive and weak, and insignificant. The effect size is 0.15
5)
This percentage is:
R2=0.15*0.15=0.0225
2.25% of variance is explained. This is a very low indicator.
6)
The one of the weakest correlations is between variable 6 (Emotion) and variable 7 (Avoidance). The r-value is -0.02. Another weakest correlation is between Negative Items (variable 4) and variable 7 (Avoidance). The r-value is -0.06
7)
The correlation coefficient is -0.2 and it is significant at the 5% level of significance. Yes, usually this relationship is negative in practice.
8)
The r-value is -0.32 and it is significant at the 1% level of significance. This relationship is relevant to practice
9)
0.08 and -0.58
The r=0.08 is the correlation coefficient between variable 5 (Task) and variable 7 (Avoidance). The value is not significant. The r=-0.58 is the correlation coefficient between variable LOT-R total and Emotion. The value is significant. Hence, the Emotion variable is not associated with Task variable, but there is strong and negative associated between Task and Avoidance.
10)
The correlation between LOT-R total and Task is -0.43 and it is significant at the 1% level of significance. The correlation between LOT-R total and Emotion is 0.76 it is significant at the 1% level of significance. Hence, the LOT-R Total score is explained by both these variables.
Bonus question
The optimism was strongly negatively correlated with psychopathology at the 1% level of significance (r=-0.72). Optimistic people seem to be less likely to have problems with their psychics.
