Module 1
Question 1
They explained in scientific and practical terms the issues and concepts of human sexuality contrary to the myths prevalent about the topic during their time such as the belief that the sexuality of women only played the procreation role (Rathus et al., 2016). They provided explanations and research indicating that even women responded to sexuality as men did.
They did extensive research on extramarital sexuality.
They demystified the concept of homosexuality and bisexuality.
They explained and provided research data on oral sex and masturbation.
They provided more and clear insight on issues regarding prostitution.
Question 5
The target population, sample size, and type of sampling
Extraneous factors such as gender, race, and age.
Ethical factors such as informed consent, confidentiality, justice, and the possibility of harm and benefits.
Previous research and statistics on the same
Module 2
Question 1
The proliferative phase. All the other phases describe and lead to the proliferative phase.
Question 3
Cervical cancer
Symptoms include pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding. Screening is done using Pap smear test.
Endometrial cancer
Symptoms include uterus size, consistency, and shape variation. Symptoms are evident mostly during advanced stages of the disease. Screening includes pelvic examinations.
Ovarian cancer
Symptoms include pelvic pain, bloating, loss of appetite, abdominal pains among others such as back pain and irregular menstruation. Screening involves pelvic examinations, blood tests, and transvaginal ultrasound.
Breast cancer
Symptoms include a lump in a breast, pains in armpits and breast, pitting of breast skin, rash on one nipple, peeling or scaling of the nipple, and changes in nipple appearance among others. Diagnosis entails physical breast examination, X-ray, Biopsy, and MRI scanning.
Module 3
Question 2
Reduced secretion of testosterone
Hypertension
Poor circulation
Increase in psychological problems
Mood swings and irritability
Depression
Hot flashes
Increase in the body fat
loss of muscle mass
Question 3
Spermatozoa come from the testes and get stored in the epididymis for maturation. Spermatozoa are usually around 200-500 million in number and form between 2-5 % of the semen ejaculate volume. They play the role of fertilizing the ovum.
Seminal fluid from the seminal vesicles contains elements such as Fructose, amino acids, enzymes, Flavin, and citrate. Seminal fluids are the source of energy for the spermatozoa and form approximately 70% of the ejaculate.
Proteolytic enzymes and phosphates are produced in the prostate glands which form around 20% of the ejaculate and aid coagulation and liquefaction of semen.
Mucus, sialic acid, and pre-ejaculate are produced in the Bulbourethral Glands and compose less than 5% of the ejaculate volume. They increase sperm mobility by making the vagina and cervix channels more viscous.
Module 4
Question 1
Amyl nitrate, when used as an aphrodisiac, has the effects of inducing brief intoxication, increased ecstasy, giddiness, and increases sexual desires. Side effects include dizziness, headaches, fatigue, vomiting, and nausea. It may also cause memory problems, disorientation, hallucinations, panic, fright, delirium and worst case scenario leads to heart problems and possible failure. Viagra as an aphrodisiac has the effect of increasing sexual desires and corrects erectile problems. Side effects include irregularities in the heart rhythm, mental disorders, tremors, and suicidal tendencies (Eboh, 2008).
Question 3
Masters’ and Johnson’s models featured three phases
Excitement phase.
Plateau phase.
Orgasm.
Kaplan added the fourth phase
The resolution phase.
Kaplan’s fourth phase offers a more intensive insight into what happens after sexual intercourse as opposed to the three stages of Masters’ and Johnson’s which do not engage after sex behavior and mentality which is critical in understanding what happens at the end of intercourse (Weiner & Clark, 2014).
References
Eboh, F. (2008, February 7). What are aphrodisiacs? Retrieved from Side Effects of Aphrodisiacs: http://ezinearticles.com/?Side-Effects-of-Aphrodisiacs&id=972295
Rathus, S.A. et al. (2016). Human sexuality in a world of diversity (5th Canadian ed.). Toronto: Pearson Allyn Bacon.
Weiner, L., & Avery-Clark, C. (2014). Sensate Focus: clarifying the Masters and Johnson's model. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 29(3), 307-319.
