Annotated Bibliography
Douzart, A. (2012). The Changing Image of Abraham Lincoln Among African Americans. Quarterly Journal Of Ideology, 23, 2000(3 and 4), 5.
This article argues that the views of African-Americans on Lincoln changed with the end of the civil war. This change resulted because the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation. The slaves saw the document as a symbol of hope and freedom for equality. The document indicated that individuals of color would no longer be enslaved people. However, despite the decree of Lincoln being celebrated by many black Americans, not everybody was grateful. For instance, the Newspaper from the North questioned Lincoln’s act of prolonging the bill. Many critics saw him as an opportunist. Those who believed he played a part in helping slaves valued and remembered his speech even after his death (Douzart, 2012).
Williams, F. (2014). Lincoln's Hundred Days: The Emancipation Proclamation and the War for the Union by Louis P. Masur. Civil War History, 60(1), 86-88.
This article portrays Lincoln as a President who is very different from those of today. He became popular after the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. Despite all his efforts to sign the document, many critics emerged to say that Lincoln was an opportunist. To Lincoln, the document was warning to the supporters of slavery to cease their rebellion. The article also has included Masur’s view on the actions of Lincoln (Williams, 2014).
Comparison of the two Articles and Importance of the Topic
The first and the second article portray Lincoln as popular leader in America for signing the Emancipation Proclamation. Both articles argue that critics emerged even after Lincoln’s efforts; they suggested that Lincoln was an opportunist. In both articles, the signing of the proclamation was a long- delayed act. Despite the similarities in both articles, they are also dissimilar. For example, in the first article, there is a deep analysis of Lincoln’s critics, which is not the case in the first article.
The topic of Lincoln and slavery is very critical to the history and culture of the Americans. It reminds the people of a leader who rose the political ranks to become an inspirational leader because of the values he stood for; Lincoln believed that every person has equal rights regardless of their skin color. The topic shows the leaders of today that if they want to be remembered in the future, they have to accord the citizens all the rights that they deserve.
Anti- Slavery Movement
Janse, M. (2015). ‘Holland as a Little England’? British Anti-Slavery Missionaries and Continental Abolitionist Movements in the Mid Nineteenth Century. Past And Present, 229(1), 123-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtv037
This article argues that, in the mid-nineteenth century, the European continent lacked interest for the plight of the slaves. In Britain and the United States, there was an outcry against the action of slavery. Despite the efforts of the anti- slavery movement to end slavery, it was not successful. The few elite societies that had little effect on destruction of institutions had undertaken the effort to combat slavery (Janse, 2014).
Martinez, J. (2008). Antislavery Courts and the Dawn of International Human Rights Law. The Yale Law Journal, 117(4), 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20455804
The article argues that international courts were established because of treaties between several counties including Britain and the United States. The courts had many cases involving slaves and were able to free some of the slaves. Despite their efforts, many have been arguing that the antislavery movements were unable to succeed. According to the article, the antislavery movement of the 19th century was the first to be successful in fighting for human rights and the central feature was the court. The antislavery movement is believed to have improved the rights of people due to the use of the international law (Martinez, 2008).
Comparison of the Two Articles and Importance of the Topic
The first and second article portrays Britain and the United States as nations that had been affected by slavery in the past. However, the second article argues that that the Anti-slavery movements were unable to succeed in its mission of ending slavery. The first article argues that the Anti-Slavery movement was able to succeed with the help of international law and the courts.
The Anti-Slavery movement topic is very critical to the culture and history of the Americans. It helps them realize that no one has the right to use the other person without his or her consent. In addition, it helps the Americans to understand that international is a tool with the potential to improve the human rights.
Harriet Tubman
Mcelya, M. (2008). Harriet Tubman: Myth, Memory, and History. AM HIST REV, 113(4), 1163-1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.113.4.1163
This journal article is about a hero known as Harriet Tubman. Harriet Tubman was born in Maryland in1820s. He was one of the most critical people in the abolitionist movement. He also served as a Union scout and as a nurse during the Civil War. After the Civil War, Harriet Tubman persevered a lot of financial hardship. Despite these hardships, Tubman still worked for gender justice and racial while in New York. Tubman until she died in 1913.
William H, S., & Thomas A, C. (2012). Harriet Tubman, the Underground Railroad, and the Bridges at Niagara Falls. Afro-Americans In New York Life And History, 36(1).
This article is about the hero Harriet Tubman. The article argues that Tubman used to help the slaves move from the United States to Canada through the Niagara River. Tubman is also believed to have crossed the suspension bridge that had been constructed in 1851 between Queenstown and Lewiston (William H& Thomas A).
Comparison of the Two Articles and Importance of the Topic
Both articles argue that Harriet Tubman was involved in helping the slaves who were from the United States. In both articles, Tubman left his family to free the slaves. However, the second article argues that Tubman crossed the Niagara River which have been omitted in the in the first article.
The topic of Harriet Tubman is very critical to the history and culture of the Americans. It reminds them of a hero who was involved in dedicating her life to fulfill her cry to those who owned the slaves. Through it, people realize that slavery was an evil that had been created by man.
The Underground Railroad
Blackett, R. (2014). The Underground Railroad and the Struggle Against Slavery. History Workshop Journal, 78(1), 275-286.
These journal articles argue that Underground Railroad heart beats with determination and energy of the slaves and the white and the blacks who helped them. The articles also argue that the Underground Railroad was used by slaves and those that helped to flee them. There were very many people who used to go to the South to entice and encourage those who had been enslaved to flee (Blackett, 2014).
Ness, V., & M, C. (2012). "Still They Come": Some Eyewitness Accounts of the Underground Railroad in Buffalo. Afro-Americans In New York Life And History, 36(1), 86.
This article argues that this is the way that the enslaved used in order to move to Canada. The Underground Railroad is believed to have been an unauthorized smuggling operation. The article also argue that no one has been involve in keeping of guest books but slave narrative exist as for of evidence. The first American genres of literature were slave narratives of those who survived (Ness & M).
Comparison of the Two Articles and Importance of the Topic
Both articles argue that the Underground Railroad was a way for the enslaved to be freed. In articles, the slaves who used to pass the way aided by the blacks and other whites who were against the slavery. However, the first article does not give examples of people who managed to escape through this way
The topic of the Underground Railroad is also very critical to the history and culture of the Americans. It helps the Americans to realize that this network of meeting points helped many to escape from bondage. It is that period when the United State constitution was violated by those who aided the slaves to flee to Canada where they would get the self- haven.
