Question one
Accountability refers to ability of powerful institutions to respond to the needs of the public. It entails principles of good governance where those in power account for their actions. Legitimacy concept implies that members of the public are accepting the authority of their leaders. Transparency implies involvement of the public or the required stakeholders while making public decisions (Geuras and Garofalo 229). For example, in accountable and transparent leader would chose to delay implementation of a certain project until all the stakeholders are consulted or involved.
Question three
In using threshold test to solve ethical dilemma, I would begin with a null hypothesis that assume one alternative is better than the other. I would then seek evidence to prove my null hypothesis by looking at both side of the option chosen comparing it with the alternative options. This would include moral/ ethical considerations. The steps can apply in work place as one decides which alternative to choose when facing an ethical dilemma.
Question four
Utalitarianism refers to the act which will produce the greatest amount of pleasure or happiness. Act and rule utilitarianism will help a ruler to know the right action to undertake when facing a moral dilemma. Deontology help leaders to judge the morality of their actions when they are making public decisions.
Question five
In this scenario, there are different cases of ethical dilemma. First there ordinary citizens who were torn between supporting the war or not. On moral grounds, the war was destructive since it would lead to loss of lives and properties. On the other hand, failure to go to Vietnam would threaten the position of United States in the global politics. Daniel Ellsberg was also in a dilemma. Publishing his article that the government may lose the war would compromise his patriotic role as a citizen. On the other hand, he has a duty to inform the public on the expected outcome as a military analyst. Personally, I would choose to release the article since it will help the country to make an informed decision.
Work cited
Geuras, Dean and Garofalo, Charles. Practical Ethics in Public Administration Third Edition. Management Concepts, Inc. Kindle Edition, 2011. p.229-230.
