Research Report
Introduction
The aim of this research report is to analyze the novice nurses experience of preceptoring students with the support of expert nurses. The research will be based on the novice nurses in an XYZ Hospital of Singapore. The paper will present the literature review on the novice nurses and expert nurses will help to analyze that what are the practices for preceptorship. In addition, this report is based on the qualitative and qualitative both research in which data will be collected and sampling will be done. By following the research strategy and on the proposed research methods the report will analyze the results. The paper will also explore novice nurse preceptorship experience key areas in which role support, role overload, and role satisfaction will be described with the help of past studies and literature available on this research aim.
Background
The purpose to conduct the research is that Singapore is facing problems in their health care sector. The reason is that there is less number of nurses available in the health care sector. Thus, the background of the study is that XYZ Hospital in Singapore is having number of novice nurses that are 1-2 years old in their nursing profession. There are large numbers of students who come to this hospital for effective learning in their medical-surgical ward. The high turnover rate of nurses in the hospital is the reason due to which large number of new qualified novice nurses is required for preceptorship to deal the students and to give care to the patients. The problem is that the preceptoring can be done with the support of expert nurses, whereas, the number of expert nurses is now less comparatively novice nurses it is the reason due to which demand for novice nurses is being increased.
Research Aim
Provide actual support to novice nurse by expert nurse
Support: Framework of Clinical Supervision
Explore novice nurse preceptorship experience key areas:
Role support
Role over load
Role Satisfaction
Literature Review
There is a vast literature available on novice nurses and preceptorship model. In a study by Beecroft, & Hernandez (2008) it is discussed that the communication and collaboration between preceptors are essential for novice preceptors to their knowledge and their learnings. It is the role support for the novice nurses. In order to gain experience and to get trained to deal with preceptorship and to deal patients it is necessary that proper training session should be conducted. It is suggested by the authors that novice nurses with 1 or 2 year experience can become preceptors without training . However, support from expert nurses is necessary because without their help and support it is difficult for the novice nurses to deal a number of student and patients at a time.
The use of team preceptorship model gives satisfactory experience to novice nurses and it is the role satisfaction for preceptorship. In this scenario, the expert nurses got burdened with novice nurses training, patients care and students. It is the reason due to which expert nurses prefer novice nurses to take control of the students’ preceptorship responsibilities . In a research by Cooper & Lemonde (2011), it is analyzed that preceptoring is a shared task that needs to be done with collaboration and communication among team member. The reason is that expert nurses or preceptors feel overloaded with work, and extra time to teach students. It is the role overload for experience nurses while preforming their roles for preceptorship. After performing hospital duties giving some extra time to student get difficult for preceptors it is role overload for both experience nurses and for novice nurses . It is the reason due to which the increased number of preceptors is required. Thus, novice nurses are selected for this task. It is increasing their experience and it improves their performance because of role support as well because dealing with students and handling patients at a time is a difficult task . In a research by Raines (2012), it is analyzed that novice nurses want reward for their efforts, and they want to be appreciated for preceptorship in the start of their nursing career. It is the role satisfaction for novice nurses. In some cases, preceptors enjoy precepting students but it depends on the students’ learning power because it becomes less challenging if students are intelligent . It gets overloaded when student don’t participate enough.
The study by Kelly T. Hautala, Coleen R. Saylor, and Colleen O’Leary-Kelley examines that if the staff nurses experience any kind of stress when precepting and also the sources of the stress are too analyzed. Also, this research also describes perception of preceptors regarding the support from co-workers and manager. The techniques used in the study are both qualitative and quantitative. A sample of 65 nurses was selected for investigation through a questionnaire that asked about the view on stress and about the support they get. The research revealed that more than 89% of respondents reported that precepting becomes stressful at some levels. The reasons reported it was mostly typical, such as workload, lack of support from the organization in the face of workload, and low skill level of precepts . Also, it is seen after the research that stress leads the preceptors to poor satisfaction regarding the patient care .
The research by McCarthy & Murphy in 2010 uses quantitative data analysis, as well as, qualitative data techniques to explore the views of preceptors and their experiences regarding preceptoring the nursing students who are undergraduate . The role of the preceptor is acknowledged very complex, stressful, and challenging. In this research, the data is collected by undertaking the method of descriptive approach. Research shows that many of the preceptors, chose to involve in the research, wanted to be a preceptor and also enjoyed the job after becoming one. The majority of them reported the work to be stressful and did not feel a support from the managers in the clinic and also the absence of staff members and lack of resources was reported by the preceptors. Several of them expressed the need for support, protected time, and feedback from management for taking this difficult and troublesome role .
It can be said that the selection of novice nurses must be from the same ward where experience nurses will also be performing her duties. The reason is that the expert nurse will help novice nurse to acquire skills of preceptoring as well as she will engage novice nurse in reflective practices. It will bring confidence in novice nurses . Bringing confidence is also a necessary step for preceptorship. Furthermore, it is also important that the expert nurses guide novice nurses about the hospital framework of preceptorship, for example, checklists for NYP and PRCP students . Herein, it should be noted that there are novice nurses who do not wish to go for preceptorship course or do not want to perform as preceptors in the hospitals because they also take care of the patients. In that case, novice nurses are not pressurized to become preceptors but it reduces the experimental mortality .
Methodology
In order to conduct research on the role of novice nurses it is necessary that the proper research philosophy should be applied. For the conduction of this research, the research strategy that will be used is both qualitative and quantitative. It will provide the data as well as it will help to analyze the data. To analyze the data it is necessary that the data must be collected with the help of effective tools, and a sample size must be selected to divide further it into strata that help to analyze the collected data. It improves the collected data and divides the information, according to the groups. It neglects the repetitive responses from the data and gives the final form of the data. The research will analyze role support, role satisfaction and role overloaded because these are the part of novice nurse preceptorship experience. Herein, it should be noted that data collection tools will be used in this research. To utilize the data collection tools, a budget will also be required in which $2000 to $3000 budget can be used considering the methods and need to conduct the research. The validity and reliability of the data will also be checked while evaluating it. It can be said that the literature review will help to analyze and evaluate it because it provides deep knowledge on the topic of novice nurses, expert nurses and preceptorship. Moreover, framework of clinical supervision will also be analyzed with the help of different tools and methods.
Research Philosophy
The use of positive paradigm research philosophy to conduct the research on the proposed topic will be essential for this study. The reason to use this positive philosophy is that the research is objectives are subjective. It will help to evaluate the facts and importance of the proposed topic. Identification of the relationship between the novice nurses preceptorship role for student and their training and support from expert nurses will be done. In addition, experience key areas will also be easy to identify with the use of research philosophy.
Proposed Research Method
The use of qualitative and quantitative research approach is proposed for this research. The reason is that it will help to examine the responses of preceptors and novice nurses as participants of this research. In order to do that the survey tools will be used for the research, it will help to conduct information from preceptors and novice and expert nurses. Furthermore, framework of clinical supervision and experience key areas will also be analyzed. The use of these approaches will help to justify the conducted researches by the various researchers. In addition, it can be said that the use of these methods will be helpful to analyze the real results on the basis of collected data. Plus, it will be easy to compare it with the past researches that are carried on the novice nurses role as preceptors.
Sampling
Herein, it must be noted that sampling is a systematic process that is used to select the participants from the whole population for the research considering the research aim of the proposed topic. Therefore, the random sampling method will be adopted for this research. Then, the sample size of the population will be divided into different strata. The participants will be novice nurses as preceptor as well as expert nurses. The use of random sampling for this research can be justified on the basis of studies that are reviewed in this paper. It is the reason due to which the intervention is based on the team preceptorship model.
Data Collection
In order to collect data the tools are used in this research and those are interviews, semi-structured questions bases questionnaire and database. The questionnaire included the Preceptors’ Perception of Benefits and Rewards (PPBR) scale, the Preceptors’ Perception of Support (PPS) scale, the Commitment to the Preceptor Role (CPR) Scale, and a demographic section. The questionnaire is based on the Likert-type scale in which the participants can answer their opinion by choosing a point from strongly disagreeing to agree strongly.
Data analysis
Turning the nature of lived experience in which experiences of novice preceptors are explored and in which research questions were formulated according to the research topic.
While investigating the experience that how we live it, one method is used in which one-to-one in-depth interview method was helpful to collect the data.
The essential themes can be reflected after the interviews and their results.
The phenomenon can be described by reflecting participants’ ideas and thoughts that are collected through their interview answers.
Thematic Analysis
There must be freedom to reflect upon and interpret the emerging themes that can illustrate the current situation that is experienced by novice preceptorship.
The support of expert nurses is necessary to evaluate the satisfaction level of novice preceptors for their better
Limitation
There were few limitations while conducting this research. Firstly, it should be noted that there are limited number of expert nurses as compared to the number of novice nurses. From those expert nurses, some are the part of management and some are responsible for ward function. Time to conduct this research was also limited and it is a big constraint.
Evaluation
In order to implicate nursing practices, it can be said that novice preceptor needs to be properly trained and equipped in Singapore every year. With the help of a maximum number of novice nurses preceptors, it can be said that the maximum number of patients will be managed at the hospitals. For successful preceptorship, the crucial step is role support that is to enhance the role of commitment. Furthermore, it can be said that the previous researches have shown that this method to train novice nurses for preceptorship is not new. There are various hospitals and in different countries are have adopted this method for the better performance of their health care system. The experienced preceptors train the novice nurses who have already gain 1-2 year experience it is the reason due to which novice nurses’ experience of preceptoring students will be appreciated and can be adopted by XYZ Hospital.
Ethical Consideration
Considering the ethical of conduct is necessary for research. In addition, it is also necessary that while conducting research and participant information sheet should be kept confidential. The consent form should also be there for the participants and data must be stored.
Conclusion
While concluding the information above it can be said that the research helped to explore the experience of novice preceptors. Singapore is known for different health clusters, where the success of this research will help a large pool of nurses to start their career as a preceptor. It will benefit the healthcare system of Singapore and demands of aging population will be supported in a better manner. However, it is concluded that team preceptorship model needs to be standardized. In order to do that there is more research needs to be conducted because team preceptorship needs more advance methodology for research. On the other hand, this research is helpful for novice nurses in Singapore who wants to become preceptors after the 1-2 year experience. Furthermore, framework of clinical supervision and experience key areas such as role support, role overload, and role satisfaction will also be analyzed and will be useful for the XYZ Hospital.
References
Beecroft, P., Hernandez, A., & Reid, D. (2008). Team preceptorships: a new approach for precepting new nurses. Journal For Nurses In Staff Development,, 24(4), 143-150.
Brathwaite, A. C., & Lemonde, M. (2011). Team preceptorship model: a solution for students’ clinical experience. ISRN Nursing, 1-7.
Hautala, K. T., SAylor, C. R., & O'Leary-Kelly, C. (2007). Nurses' perceptions of stress and support in the preceptor role. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development, 23(2), 64-70.
MCcarthy, B., & Murphy, S. (2010). Preceptors’ experiences of clinically educating and assessing undergraduate nursing students: an Irish context. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(2), 234-244.
Raines, D. A. (2012). Nurse Preceptors' Views of Precepting Undergraduate Nursing Students. Nursing Education Perspectives, 33(2), 76-79.
