Population role in policy implementation.
Implementation of policy is a critical issue to handle and requires a lot of attention from the group of individuals concerned about the plans. It is, therefore, highly recommended that thorough consultation is done so that the population and the parties that are concerned about the policies achieve a fair and equitable outcome of the policy. The population role in policy implementation concerns the responsibilities the individuals of a particular community play during the formulation and implementation of policies.
The community determines the kind of policies it needs to implement because they know and understand the best policies that suit their needs. Ideally, it is a good decision to include the population in the implementation process so that they might give their suggestions and recommendations before a final draft of the policy is made. This action is deemed credible as Fiorino talked about environmental policy as a new view of an old landscape. The systems in the United States exhibited high levels of political differences and conflicts. The implementation process is considered a learning process especially in the efforts of developing the three modes of capacity policy learning.
Ideally, during the first decade, the high degree of legal and technical proficiency narrows the institutional fragmentation, problem definitions and adversarial relations among the actors (Porter, Michael, and Claas, 1995). The strategies, policy instruments and search for new objectives result from the growing recognition of a lack of technical learning. The policy makers have reasons to set new capacities in the social learning that reflect the European environmental policy, dissatisfaction in the experiences in the United States and the concept of sustainabili.
The process of social learning insists on the interaction and communication among the partisans of the social policy as in most developed nations they work to integrate the three kinds of social learning. The efforts to conceptualize and integrate the capacities for social learning exhibit mixed success because of the legal and institutional framework for the environmental policy founded on the technical knowledge.
Notably, the author relates the learning model to the environmental policy of the United States to concentration on control of pollution. The understanding of formulation and implementation of the policies say that environmental policies have issues and have extensive knowledge that is quite complex involving technical, scientific, social and legal issues. According to Barry (1995), he notes that it is significant in the manner that the individuals obtain, use and evaluate the scientific knowledge on the policies.
Arguably, the ideologies of the science in the society should have a disputatious society of individuals seeking the truth and that the norms of science are not authoritative, traditional or revelational. The old beliefs should not be implemented into policies until they are proved beyond reasonable doubts through methods of modern science. According to Daniel et al., (1997), the individuals who seem to have same knowledge on science should stay together on disputation while checking on one another's arguments until they have a universal consensus on policy implementation.
The evidence from Donald Campbell relates the ideologies that reject the standard social tendencies of separating individuals with similar minds. The readings of Campbell relate my understanding of the policy formulation and implementation on the society basing on the similarity of science ideologies and experimenting of the society among individuals. The norms to be implemented should be reached consensus by the community.
Empirically, the trade and health environment project is a community-based participatory research environmental justice that detrimentally affects the movement of goods in California for the middle class and the low income-earning residents of the area who lived near the airports, railway terminal yards and interconnecting highways. Premature deaths occur in the areas that are linked to the movements in the states. The country becomes badly impacted by the increasing deaths and a lot of attention is drawn from the two largest ports of Los Angeles and the longest beach. A plan of the objective of minimizing the emissions produced is formulated from both regions to solve the problem.
There is a collaborative, informal work that includes the trade, health, and environment as well as the regional community-based participatory research partnership between the Southern California, Occidental College and four advocacy groups based on the community. It is deemed clearly that there is a thorough discussion by the groups on implementation of air pollution policies as well as other health related issues regarding the movement of goods through Los Angeles and the long beach ports complex.
The article helped in enhancing my understanding of policy implementation based on the project's role in broadening the policy debate. Further, to increase the inclusion of the members of the society in appropriate decision-making processes. Exploration of challenges is also important to be incorporated in the policy formulation, the implications it had and drew of appropriate lessons.
Notably, there is a well laid down plan for conducting a thorough evidence of success as a basis of testing, developing and expanding effective social programs to combat the major social problems that face the nation (Vogel, 1987). The country uses six pieces of evidence to promote the development of the nation. The use of programs such as child health and development, education of pre-school, student performance and sexually transmitted diseases is put into practice.
The use of the model programs by the government shows the excellent performance through the thorough exercise offering the best and more competitive outcome. The qualifying organization for the competitive grants requires an evaluation of impacts on the model programs and intentions of improving on the programs if they seem below the set targets.
It is clear that the evidence boosts the understanding on the policy implementation by use of model programs initiative which helps in selection of the best strategies for improvement of the community. It also significant in combating the major issues that are affecting the individuals of a particular community.
The single corps district requires an implicit plan in all the studies which can achieve the active participation of various groups of interests. It can be done through the exchange of ideas, views and public meetings. Some public consultations is to be made and the coordination of governments and other related agencies.
It is deemed paramount that a plan to change from the traditional issues of preserving the river basin and to change it into the more modernized method. The problem of flooding is not solved as a result of the acts of weighing of costs and benefits as they were of the decision of building up new reservoirs. It is so significant in policy formulation and implementation that proper consideration of the costs and benefits before implementing a policy of a nation.
It is noted also that implementation of policies is grouped into two perspectives according to WCED 1987 where one side views the application of significant policies and programs that alter the status quo of the united states. The other issue indicates the specific impediments of the united states that consist of independent industrialists who in any program act in part or whole in undermining the program. The transparency of the policy formulation and implementation according to Mazmanian is clearly dependent on the social and historical patterns of the society where policies are undermined by a group of an industrialist who determine the fate of policies of a particular nation.
The article helps in my understanding of policy formulation and implementation based on the historical and social patterns of the society and the decision of the societal industrialists. The leaders of the implementing team should also play a key role I ensuring proper implementation of policies through the skills they possess.
References
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Press, Daniel, and Daniel A. Mazmanian. 1997. The Greening of Industry: Achievement and
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President's Council on Sustainable Development (PCSD). 1996. Sustainable America: A New
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Vogel, David. 1987. The Comparative Study of Environmental Policy: A Review of the
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