Abstract
Introduction
The current research relates the relations between the increased number of tourists visiting Hawaii and the increased average annual temperature resulted in negative consequences for local fauna.
Methods
Statistical research in the form of regression and correlation analyses was conducted based on data presented by Hawaii Government (n.p.), Hawaii Tourism Authority (n.p.), and Monahan and Fisichelli (n.p.).
Results
The analyses revealed strong correlation between variables meaning that the increased number of tourists to Hawaii makes negative impact on local environment.
Discussion
As the strong correlation between the number of the tourists and the increase in temperature was revealed, the government of Hawaii should consider to solve this problem.
Conclusion
Urgent measures should be undertaken to mitigate and eliminate the consequences of human impact on fauna in Hawaii. However, it is a difficult task because tourism is the main contributor to the economy of Hawaii.
Introduction
Zador (73) indicated anomalous warmth in the north of Hawaii. Anomalous temperature increase makes negative impact on fauna of Hawaii. Hawaii Tourism Authority (3) denoted recent increase in tourists’ activity in Hawaii. The current study will examine the links between the increase in the number of tourists visiting Hawaii and ecological collapse connected with anomalous temperature increase. Zador (77) stated that albatross number was the highest for the period of ten years (2002-2012), but they starved because of poor condition of the ocean. Also, Aeby (para 1) agreed that living coral depopulated.
According to Zador (217), Hawaii belongs to the most population dense regions: population density in Honolulu is 28.9% that is comparable to the density of population in New York (42.9%). Besides, the number of tourists visited Hawaii in 2012 was 8,028,744 in comparison to 7,628,118 of tourists visited Hawaii in 2006. Thus, the increase made up 5.25% for six years. The increase in number of visitors for 2000-2012 can be seen from Appendix 1.
Background Research
Hawaii tourism industry heavily relies on recreational and commercial services provided by coral reefs. Approximately $800 million are generated with the help of coral reefs where toursist enjoy fishing, diving, and surfing activity (Aeby para 1). Starting from 1994, coral reefs had significantly declined. Thus, Maui reefs had lost roughly 25% of living coral in the period of 1994-2006. Honolua Bay had experienced the most dramatic decline of living coral: the number of living coral had dropped from 42% to 9% for the same period. Aeby (para 2) stated that these changes occurred due to human influence. Besides, the link between coral bleaching caused by the declining number of living coral and the increase in temperature was established (Aeby para 4).
Rationale
The current research will examine the relations between temperature change and the number of the tourists visiting Hawaii for the period of 1993-2013 to reveal whether the tourists’ turnover make impact on marine fauna in Hawaii. The increased number of tourists means the increased human activity including waste that was not properly utilized (Tian 32).
Aim
The current research will aim to reveal whether climate change effects marine fauna in Hawaii based on empirical research.
Hypothesis
Temperature change affects coral reefs in Hawaii. The percentage of living coral is declining due to the increase in temperature caused by the negative impact made by the increased number of tourists visiting Hawaii.
Methods
The goal of the current analysis is to reveal whether the increasing number of tourists in Hawaii and the consequences of this increase in the form of increased waste make impact on the temperature increase that results in changes in marina fauna. Data related tourism industry was collected from Hawaii Government (n.p.) website. Data related temperature fluctuation was derived from Monahan and Fisichelli (1). There were 20 observations for 1993-2013 made to reveal correlation between the number of visitor and temperature increase.
Research Design
The research targets to reveal the relation between the number of tourists for the last 20 years and the change in temperature in Hawaii. Data related the number of tourists and temperature fluctuations in Hawaii for twenty years from 1993 to 2013 was analyzed with the help of correlation analysis.
Results
The statistical correlation and regression analyses evidenced in favor of the hypothesis related positive relations between the increased number of tourists in Hawaii and the increased temperature.
Discussion
Conclusion
Appendices
Appendix 1
Works Cited
Aeby, Greta. Climate Change and Marine Disease. CCMD Projects, 2011. Web 15 December
2014.
Hawaii Government. Research & Economic Analysis. Department of Business, Economic
Development & Tourism, 2014. Web 15 December 2014.
Hawaii Tourism Authority. Annual Visitor Research Report. Hawaii Tourism Authority. Web
15 December 2014.
Monahan, Weber B. and Fisichelli, Nathan, A. Climate exposure of US national parks
in a new era of change. PLoS ONE, 9(7). 2014. Print.
Tian, Eugene. What Are the Economic Drivers for Hawaii in 2014 and Beyond. Department
of Business, Economic Development & Tourism. Web. 15 December 2014.
Zador, Stephani. Ecosystem Considerations 2013. NPFMC Ecosystem Considerations. Web
15 December 2014.
