Philosophy of Nursing Practice
Metaparadigm of nursing is a concept that includes a person, environment, health, and nursing. They serve as the basis for the entire nursing profession. A person, family and a group of people are the recipients of nursing care. The concept Person relates to all people. However, in many nursing theories, this concept means to look at patient as at a biological, psychological, social, spiritual creature. These components constitute a single human wholeness (holistic approach). They are common to all people but also they are individual for each of us, and so they reflect the personality of each person. The environment of a patient typically includes all external factors of influence on the person; it is an essential factor in the prevention of disease. Each individual (patient) has many different responses of the organism to changes in external environmental factors. The concept of the environment includes individual psychological, intellectual and interpersonal aspects that can influence a person's response to the environment. Depending on the environment, in which a patient grows up, lives and works, nurse needs to build relationships with a patient. If they are favorable, this will lead to the success of nurse and patient in providing care. Health, in general, includes the condition of the person. Health is the goal toward which people must always strive. This includes the ability to take care of themselves, it provides a sense of the body and the integrity of the environment, the ability to overcome stress by adapting. Nursing is a central component for all nursing theories.
Nature of Nursing Practice
The first theorist, which clearly defined the meaning and role of the nurse as a health worker, was Florence Nightingale. Her theory includes the idea of using nurse environmental factors to ensure the welfare of the patient. Nurses have gradually realized that the treatment based on the fight against the disease, as such, no current assessment of the patient's condition and the satisfaction of his needs is unsatisfactory. Nursing as a high art, a religious vocation, and thought that only a woman can be a nurse and that for the successful implementation of nursing duties formal and not special education is enough. Rogers M. describes the sisterhood as the science and art at the same time. She pointed to the existence of a unique knowledge base that has arisen as a result of scientific research and logical analysis and can be transferred to nursing practice (Rogers M. E., 1989, p.11). In my opinion, nursing is an individual and collaborative care for people of all ages, groups and communities, sick or healthy, and in any conditions. Nursing includes the promotion and support of healthy lifestyles, disease prevention, and care for the sick, disabled and dying. Promoting a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health, management of health policy systems and education are also key roles of nurses and male nurses because I believe that both women and men patient care can equally provide. I also think that the professional duties of a nurse are providing emergency first aid, assisting physicians in conducting operations, caring for the sick in hospitals and performing such medical procedures, as injections and blood pressure measurement, the issuance of medicines to patients, and work with medical documentation. Some specializations of nursing require additional highly specialized training.
Nature of Caring
Social Purpose of Nursing
The need of nursing care is universal for society. Man needs it from birth to death. By helping the patient, a nurse tries to create an atmosphere of respect for his or her ethical values, customs, and spiritual beliefs. Nurses play a key role among health care professionals, and they can take the special initiative in the fight for the preservation of the health of the planet.
Conclusion
Thus, nursing is the science and art, which develop harmoniously. Nursing is characterized by its own system of knowledge, which is based on a scientific theory and focused on the health and well-being of the patient. A nurse faces not only with a patient's diagnosis but the psychological, spiritual, social and physical aspects of a patient as a person. In other words, the range of interests of a nurse covers human response to interaction with the environment.
These reactions are influenced by a person's past experience, environmental, social and economic factors, and dynamics of family relationships. Nursing is the art of taking care of a patient during the illness and helping a patient to achieve maximum health potential throughout life. Philosophy of nursing is a system of views on the relationship between the nurse, the patient, society and the environment. It is based on universal principles of ethics and morality.
References
Lachman, V.D. (2012). Applying the Ethics of Care to Your Nursing Practice. MEDSURG Nursing, Vol.21, N.2. Retrieved June 28, 2016 from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/Resource s/Applying-the-Ethics-of-Care-to-Your-Nursing-Practice.pdf
Rogers, M. E. (1989). An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
