Question one
Yes, it is. The government and politics are one thing, and science approaches politics in the same process and ordinary politics. However, the cost of implementing political science in a government is not easy. It takes time and process for people to adopt the scientific approaches.
Question Two
Westphalia system is a long time agreement peace treaty made among countries in Westphalia.
The rise of NGOs in the world will positively influence the rise of smart politics in the modern society. This is because the Westphalian system is a cornerstone reference to today politics. It focuses on international relations and will foster peaceful and advanced political systems among nations.
Question three
Power is the ability to move others to get the results of what one wants. The hard power is the use of military intervention, economic sanctions and coercive diplomacy. The same power depends on the availability of resources like army men and economical means. Soft power refers to influence on others to do what they want. This power relies on emulation and attraction and is associated with ideology, culture and institutions as part of resources for its implementation. In summary, soft power is more effective than hard power in contemporary politics due to its sustainability. Hard power is not useful today because the global system change does not support it (E-International Relations, 1)
Empirical approach to political science
The approach refers to the way in which results are based the aims, with a systematic observation and verification via public examination of the methods used versus results. This is the most dominant approach used in political science (Darity, 3)
Characteristics of scientific knowledge
Firstly, the science depends on the experimental confirmation to ensure the statements or proposals are facts via objective observation. Secondly, the hypothesis or statements are arguable when the contravening evidence is refuted. In this case, it must be falsifiable. Thirdly, while most of the scientist do not agree the fact that the aim of science is for non-normative knowledge, the political scientists at times generate normative knowledge. This idea is about prescription and evaluation of what should exist. The other feature of the scientific knowledge is its transmissibility. This implies that the methods that are used in discoveries must be explicit to enable other people to analyze and copy the findings. Fifthly, the knowledge must be cumulative. The research of each scientist should build on the existing work while advancing in the enterprise. The other point is that the scientific knowledge is explanatory. This is to say that the general idea is answering the questions such as ‘how and why’. The same approach is used by propositions relating two or more subjects. Casual relationships are important pillars when creating useful explanations of the political sensations. The eight-point is that science depends on simplicity and elegance in choosing different explanations or reasoning. In such a case, the one explanation of a larger phenomenon and few feature will be adopted (Reykowski, 2&3)
Conclusion
In political science, there is no single direction in finding the scientific truth. Research takes many different approaches with the aim of reaching one goal of being scientific. Therefore, scientific research prerequisites to be inferential. The arguments made are proven to work through the use of statements that are logical with a true conclusion.
Work cited
E-International Relations, "The Effectiveness of Soft & Hard Power in Contemporary International Relations". N.p., 2016. Web. 23 Feb. 2016.
Darity, William A. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Detroit, Mich.: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. Print.
Reykowski, Janusz. "Deliberative Democracy and "Human Nature": An Empirical Approach". Political Psychology 27.3 (2006): 323-346. Web.
