<Student’s name>
Abstract
In recent years, solar energy in Turkey is receiving increasing attention because of the high rate of population growth and modernization of the economy, requiring the use of energy efficient technologies and alternative energy sources. Moreover, Turkey is now highly dependent on external energy supplies about 68 % of energy consumed in the country is imported, and each year the demand for energy will only increase.
1.1 Background
Potential of solar energy in Turkey is very high due to the large number of sunny days per year. Until 2007, Turkey was not adopted any legislation to regulate the development of renewable energy and solar energy has not yet been properly developed. Today, the government removed the barriers, and the Turkish market is open to professionals, investors, concessions and technologies in the field of solar energy.
1.2 Purpose of the Report
The purpose of this report is to describe the current situation in the field of solar energy in Turkey.
1.3 Statement of the Problem
The paper discusses the main types of solar panels, framework and its application in production and for households. There are also considered basic laws governing the use of solar energy in Turkey.
2. Methods
The most promising and most clean source of energy is the sun. Solar panels now used to power the most diverse art from mobile gadgets to electric vehicles.
How are what happen and what can modern solar panels that already now very commonly used in Turkey, especially in the south, where the 360 days of sunshine each year, we consider in this paper.
Historically, that solar panels - this is the second attempt of mankind to curb the unlimited energy of the sun and make it work to his advantage. Appeared first solar collectors (solar thermal power), which generates electricity heated to the boiling point under concentrated sunlight water.
Same solar panels produce electricity directly, which is much more efficient. With direct transformation lost significantly less energy than the multistage, like collectors (the concentration of sunlight, hot water and steam isolation, the rotation of the steam turbine, and only at the end of production of electricity generator). Modern solar panels are made up of a chain of photovoltaic cells - semiconductor devices that convert solar energy directly into electric current.
Solar cell is an energy source for the future that, and it's not even worth discussing. Unlike oil and gas, it is an almost inexhaustible resource (except in the " Man Upstairs " something happens quite out of the ordinary). Moreover, its use in no way harm the ecology of our planet, which surely cannot be said of most peers.
3. Findings
Solar panels are monocrystalline, polycrystalline and film. The highest efficiency of 17-19 % for monocrystalline. Solar panels are made of monocrystalline silicon cells connected to each other and secured in a metal frame. Power from 15 watts to 200 watts. Solar panels are very sensitive and work even in cloudy weather in the absence of direct sunlight.
3.1 Solar Panels for Home
In Antalya and other Mediterranean regions of Turkey, where the thickness of diffuse solar radiation is over 10,000 kWh / sqm per year, it makes sense to buy and install in your home, villa, cottage solar panels, because each square meter every day will generate more power 100 watts just about nothing, working even in cloudy weather in the absence of direct sunlight.
Solar panels for homes in Turkey easily installed on the roof, it is best on the southern slope. In Antalya, solar panels are mainly used for water heating. But this type of energy can be used for other purposes. For example, its own home solar power during the day will be able to feed appliances, water and sewage pumps, and the surplus generated electric energy is stored in a buffer battery for spending in the dark. Solar power, combined with wind turbines (windmills), almost completely provide the electricity demand of one or more private homes and small solar module can be loaded into the car and take a hunting or fishing.
Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Hilmi Guler held a press conference on the potential use of solar energy in Turkey. In the near future, thanks to solar panels country will receive 380 billion kW • h / year, though now Turkey's demand for electricity does not exceed 200 billion kW • h / year. On the potential use of solar energy, Turkey is on the second place in Europe, second only to Spain. For example, the placement of solar panels on the roofs of houses Antalya 80 % will allow to produce 26.4 billion kW • h / year.
Solar Energy Laws
In the absence of sufficient own oil and gas reserves, Turkey has to import energy from neighboring countries, including Russia. In addition, the background of relatively stringent environmental policies aimed at reducing adverse impacts on the environment when recycling energy, more attention is paid to increasing the share of renewable energy sources.
The Turkish government is working on reforms in the energy sector. Over the past decade a number of laws relating to the development of renewable energy and energy efficiency.
Among the basic laws governing the renewable energy industry, is to provide :
- Institutional strategic plan for the 2010-2014. Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkey;
- Law on renewable energy in the electricity sector (EU Directive 2001/77/EC extrapolation);
- Law number 5627 on energy efficiency;
- Law number 5686 of geothermal resources and mineral waters;
- Electricity Market Act (2001)
- Law on Natural Gas Market (2001);
- Law on the oil market (2003);
- Market Act liquefied natural oil (2005)
Conclusions
In 2023 the Turkish Republic will celebrate its 100th anniversary. By this time, the government plans to significantly increase the share of renewable energy use to 30% and to increase the currently existing industry capacity is more than 2 times, increase capacity wind farms almost 10 times, powerful build geothermal power plants and solar power plants and thus enter in 10 of the world's leading countries in the production of solar energy. At the moment, the implementation of these plans in the renewable energy sector is due to the use of investment loans.
Sources
Martin, Christopher L.; Goswami, D. Yogi (2005). Solar Energy Pocket Reference. International Solar Energy Society. ISBN 0-9771282-0-2.
Mazria, Edward (1979). The Passive Solar Energy Book. Rondale Press. ISBN 0-87857-238-4.
Meier, Anton; Bonaldi, Enrico; Cella, Gian Mario; Lipinski, Wojciech; Wuillemin, Daniel (2005). "Solar chemical reactor technology for industrial production of lime". Solar Energy 80 (10): 1355–1362. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.05.017.
Mills, David (2004). "Advances in solar thermal electricity technology". Solar Energy 76 (1-3): 19–31. doi:10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00102-6.
Bradford, Travis (2006). Solar Revolution: The Economic Transformation of the Global Energy Industry. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-02604-X.
