Abstract
Global warming is a concept which is still developing in the modern times due to the continuing studies and researches regarding its natural cause and effects. Global warming is a term used to describe the rise of the average temperature of the earth which is experienced for only a century. Global warming and climate change could also refer to the current changes in the climate system of the earth as well as its effect on the ecosystem and on humans. The common cause of global warming and climate change is the great increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The concept of global warming is also becoming evident since most of the studies are now concluding that there are about 1.5° to 2°C increase in the global average surface temperature. Global warming is a serious problem faced by humanity in the modern times. Several responses and solutions have been made by people in order to mitigate the effects of global warming or climate change.
Annotated Bibliography
Houghton, J. (2011). Global warming, climate change and sustainability. The John Ray Initiative. Retrieved from http://www.jri.org.uk/brief/BriefingNo14_4thEdition_July.pdf.
The article focused on ideas and information regarding why people should care about the environment and why people should be informed about the concept of sustainability. The author presented some of the possible effects of global warming and climate change to humans and the environment. I am going to use the source to provide more information regarding why people should be informed about the effects of global warming. I will also use the source to back-up my arguments about why people should be aware of global warming. The source is credible the author became a co-chairman of the Scientific Assessment for the IPCC.
Leiserowitz, A., Feinberg, G., Rosenthal, S., Smith, N., Anderson A., Roser-Renouf, C. & Maibach, E. (2014). What’s In A Name? Global Warming vs. Climate Change. Yale University and George Mason University. New Haven, CT: Yale Project on Climate Change Communication. Retrieved from http://environment.yale.edu/climate-communication-OFF/files/Global_Warming_vs_Climate_Change_Report.pdf.
The article is about the main difference and similarities about the concept of global warming and climate change. The article also provides information regarding how people react to the two different concepts. I am going to use the information from this source to provide insights on how people react to the concept of global warming and climate change. I will also use this source to back-up my argument about why people should be informed about the cause and effect of global warming. The source is credible since the authors are affiliated to Center for Climate Change Communication.
Mann, M. (2009). Do global warming and climate change represent a serious threat to our welfare and environment?. Social Philosophy and Policy Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.meteo.psu.edu/holocene/public_html/shared/articles/MannSocialPhilos09.pdf.
The article is about the assessment of the risk and threats associated to the problems brought by global warming and climate change. The article also focused on the available scientific evidences to assess the possible effects of global warming and climate change on humans and on the environment. I am going to use the scientific background on global warming which is available in the source to provide more scientific evidence regarding global warming. I will also use the source to provide more information regarding the intensity of the effects of global warming to humans and to the environment. The article is credible since the author is affiliated to the Meteorology and Geosciences Department in Pennsylvania State University.
Oczkowski, A., McKinney, R., Ayvazian, S., Hanson, A., Wigand, C., & Markham, E. (2015). Preliminary evidence for the amplification of global warming in shallow, intertidal estuarine waters. PLoS ONE, 10(10): 1-18.
The source is about the possible evidences of the global warming which are experienced at the estuaries in the United States. The article also used surveys and synthesis of data in order to hypothesize that the warming of the estuaries could be an amplification of global warming. I am going to use this source to provide several evidences of global warming in the modern times. I will also use this source to provide evidence about the increasing temperatures all over the world. For example, the study indicates there is about 1.2°C increase in the temperature of the US estuaries over the past 50 years. The source is credible since some of the authors are affiliated to the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Pearce, F. (2016). Hello, cool world. New Scientist, 229(3061): 30-33.
The article discusses several methods and strategies which the governments implemented to mitigate the effects of global warming. The source also focused on discussing the changes in the industries which could reduce the carbon dioxide emissions. I am going to use this source to provide more information regarding the human responses and possible solutions to the problems brought by global warming. I will also use this source to provide specific examples of global warming mitigation techniques. For example, the article discussed the use of artificial trees which absorbs carbon dioxide in the air. The source is credible since the author is affiliated to International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis.
Sable M., & Rana, D. (2016). Impact of Global Warming on insect behaviour- A review. Agricultural reviews, 37(1): 81-84
This source discusses the changes of behaviour patterns of insects as a response to the emerging effects of the increase in average surface temperature of the earth due to global warming. The researcher focused on the population dynamics, behaviour patterns and basic biology of insects to provide information regarding the effects of global warming. Lastly, the authors also discussed the impact of these behaviour patterns and population dynamics on humans. I am going to use the source in order to provide more information regarding the environmental effects of global warming. I will also use the source as evidence to back up my main idea that global warming could directly and indirectly affect humans. For example, the change in population dynamics of insects could greatly affect the agriculture especially for the pests. The source is credible since the authors are affiliated to a Department of Entomology. They are knowledgeable about the insects and how environment could affect them.
Schleussner, C., et al. (2015). Differential climate impacts for policy-relevant limits to global warming: the case of 1.5°C and 2°C. Earth System Dynamic Discussion, 6(2): 2447-2505.
The source discusses the difference in the effects of a 1.5°C increase and a 2°C increase in the average surface temperature of the earth. The source also discussed some of the projections regarding the effects of global warming such as climate anomalies, changes in the agricultural yields and the rise of the sea level. I am going to use this source to provide more information regarding the effects of global warming to the environment and to humans. I will also use this source to provide information regarding the difference of the effect of 1.5°C and 2°C increase in the global surface temperature. For example, the addition 0.5°C increase would cause new natural climate regime. The source is credible since the authors are affiliated to several institutions focusing on climate studies such as the Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science.
United Nations Environment Programme. (2001). How will global warming affect my world. Retrieved from http://www.unep.org/delc/Portals/119/ipcc_wgii_guide-E.pdf.
The article is about the current knowledge about the nature, cause and effect of global warming on the environment as well as on humans. The source also discusses several important aspects regarding global warming which includes history, meaning, and relation to other global problems. I will use the source to provide more information regarding the nature, cause and effect of global warming. The source is credible since it is related to the publications of the IPCC. However, it could become bias when it comes to discussion regarding the debate about the cause of global warming.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2009). Frequently asked questions about global warming and climate change: Back to basics. Retrieved from https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/Downloads/ghgemissions/Climate_Basics.pdf.
The source is about several basic concepts and aspects of global warming which include the major causes such as the greenhouse gases. The source focused on the important details regarding the source and effect of greenhouse gases and its relation to the global warming. I am going to use to the source to provide information regarding the source of greenhouse gases and its partition from each sources. It will help me in providing background regarding the true cause of global warming. The source is credible since it is published by a government agency which focused on protecting the citizens regarding the risk and hazards of environmental problems including global warming.
Venkataramanan, M., & Smitha, M. (2011). Causes and Effect of Global Warming. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(3): 226-229. Retrieved from http://www.indjst.org/index.php/indjst/article/viewFile/29971/25926.
The article is about the current knowledge about the nature, cause and effect of global warming on the environment as well as on humans. The source also discusses several important aspects regarding global warming which includes history, meaning, and relation to other global problems. I am going to use the source to provide specific information regarding the cause and effect of global warming on several places on earth. For instance, India has been experiencing more frequent droughts, heat waves, storms and other climate disasters which are often related to global warming. The article is credible since it is published in a prestigious journal related to science and technology.
Wang, J., et al. (2015). Characteristics of Drought Disaster-Causing Factor Anomalies in Southwestern and Southern China against the Background of Global Warming. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 24(5): 2241-2251.
The study is about the changes of climate conditions in some regions in China which is considered the main cause of drought and its relation to the global warming. The study used the data such as climate observations and anomalies during the last 60 years and relates it to the increasing surface temperature. I am going to use this source to back-up my arguments regarding the possible evidences of global warming around the world. I will also use this source to provide evidence that global warming could cause changes in climate conditions. For example, the period of significant increase in the average surface temperature of the earth is also the period where several climate anomalies occur in China. The source is credible since the authors are affiliated to China Meteorological Administration.
Prospectus
The topic for this research paper is about the effects and causes of global warming. People around the world have been discussing the true cause of global warming. Other people believed that global warming is a natural phenomenon and there will come a time that the earth will experience increase in average surface temperature due to several natural phenomenon including volcanic eruptions and variations on the Earth’s orbit. On the other hand, several experts are arguing that the main cause of global warming is due human activities which include burning of fossil fuels. Most of the people and groups from the scientific communities agreed that the common cause of global warming and climate change is the increase in the concentration of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. I personally choose this topic due to my interest regarding the environmental problems and its possible solutions. I expect to find sources which could agree on my points regarding the main cause of global warming.
Research Questions:
Why people should be informed about global warming?
What are the natural causes and effects of global warming?
What are the anthropogenic causes and effects of global warming?
Goal: The objective of this research paper is to provide a thorough understanding about the current information regarding global warming. This research paper opts to evaluate the cause, effect to environment, effect to people, responses, social discourse and political discourse regarding global warming.
