A Review Paper on Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Ternary Nitride based Coatings
Chauhan, K. V., & Rawal, S. K. (2014). A Review Paper on Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Ternary Nitride based Coatings. Procedia Technology, 14, 430-437. doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2014.08.055
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212017314000917
The paper reviews the nanotribological researches that are required to create basic understanding of the interracial phenomena on the lesser scale in the nanostructured polymers employed in the storage if magnetic systems and for other commercial applications. In many fields of the electromagnetic and coating applications such as the use in the automobile and the aircraft sectors, the wear and the friction of the moving parts is a critical aspect to be put into consideration when choosing the materials to be used for making the parts. To reduce the friction and the wear from the parts, coating of the surfaces can be employed effectively. The coating materials can have more than one functional application when used in the sector. The materials coating can be primarily to prevent the tear and wear due to the friction, and to prevent corrosion that can significantly affect the functionalities of the craft.
The decreased corrosion, and tear and wear from friction play a critical part in ensuring length of the use of the parts, low maintenance costs, and lower operation costs. The studies of the many binary films have been conducted to investigate their effective use in the application. Various chemical and functional properties have been evaluated about their contribution to the prevention of tear and wear and corrosion. The different parameters that have been investigated include the adhesion properties, hardness, and the friction coefficients of the various tribological binary films. The ternary nitride founded coating are studied currently because they have indicated improved mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties as compared to the binary nitride founded coatings.
Hybrids-a review: Part 1. Techniques, design and construction
D. Short, J. Summerscales. (1979). Hybrids-a review: Part 1. Techniques, design and
construction. Composites, 4(10), 215-222. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010436179900223
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010436179900223
The paper reviews the carbon fiber and glass fiber hybrid reinforced plastics and their effective use in the coating of the metals. The paper reviews their development designs and the effect of the manufacture process on their thermal, mechanical, and conductivity properties. The paper review describes a study that was done to test the effect of variation of the current during the electroplating process and the effect of the use of conducting metals as electroplating materials on metals in preventing corrosion. The conducting metals employed in the electroplating test were hybrids produced by generating the chelating metals such as insertion of nitrogen on chromium, chemically linking chromium, aluminum, and Silicon by a Nitrogen linkage. The experiment was done by depositing the hybrid films in the silicon wafer and the SUS 304 substrates using a hybrid electroplating design that had high-energy impulse magnetron sputtering. The electroplating employed a direct current pulse sputtering utilizing chromium and an alloy of aluminum and silicon. The targeting was done in an environment of nitrogen and argon atmosphere.
Hybrid Conducting Nanocomposites Coating for Corrosion Protection
Federica De Ricardis, & Virginia Martina. (2014). Hybrid Conducting Nanocomposites Coating
for Corrosion Protection. Retrieved from http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/46239.pd
http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/46239.pdf
The paper review describes the use of the inorganic materials in the coating the metals to prevent corrosion. The inorganic materials are the materials that do not contain carbon in their structures. The inorganic materials investigated in the article constitute of hybrids formed by the chemical insertion of gessoes molecules on metal alloys resulting in the cyclic heterocyclic with varying conducting, chemical properties, phase constituents, and oxidation properties. The formation of the hybrid structures constituting of organic and inorganic elements and compounds was tested in the use of the coating on metals and their influence on the corrosion to the surfaces.
Various materials comprising of organic and inorganic hybrid compounds were tested in their use in the electroplating processes. Their molecular constituents in the electroplating cathode were determined against the constituents on the depositing film. The resulting depository film layers were then investigated on their influence to corrosion and rusting in varying atmospheric conditions. The use of the varying atmospheric conditions was aimed at determining the properties of the resulting films and hence determining the most suitable environment for their use.
The conducting properties of the organic and the inorganic hybrid materials were investigated about the influence in the prevention of corrosion. The chemical properties such as oxidation, conduction, enthalpy energies of reaction were tested to determine the effect of their use in the coating of the metals. It was established that the inorganic materials exhibited varying chemical properties that hindered corrosion significantly. The inorganic hybrids were less conductive owing to the use of the free electrons in the bonding to produce chemical structures that exhibited barriers in the movement of the electrons hence preventing the flow of the electric current.
Corrosion behavior of superhydrophobic surfaces: A review
Adel M.A. Mohameda, b, Aboubakr M. Abdullaha, Nathalie A. Younana. (2015). Corrosion
behavior of superhydrophobic surfaces: A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 8(6), 749-765. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535214000604
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535214000604
The paper reviews on the characteristics of the superhydrophobic surfaces in the use in industrial applications. The superhydrophobic surfaces have generated significant interest in the recent past for the chemical study purposes and in learning of their application in the industrial sectors. The surfaces that are described as superhydrophobic have the characteristic of rebelling water at a higher degree of repelling. The surface characteristics and the chemical composition repels water and to some extent, the compounds that have the free crystal water lattice.
Water is the critical substance that produces corrosion on most of the metal surfaces in the industrial applications. Corrosion is a critical condition on the manufacturing of the automobiles and the aircrafts. It poses significant consideration in terms of the cost of the maintenance and the length of the live of the construction metals. The study of the surfaces that can repel water would significantly provide a better method for use in the commercial construction of the crafts and automobiles.
Treating of the surface to achieve the superhydrophobic characteristic is an interesting topic due to the broad applications of the surfaces. The study extends beyond the simple methods of fabricating the surfaces to acquire the characteristic to special treatment that would modify the surface chemical and physical functionalities for the special uses. The chemical and physical qualities to be investigated constitute of the surface roughness, oxidation properties, conductivity, morphology, and stability of the surface. The chemical surface characteristics such as the reaction with the atmospheric gases and the industrial gases are critical in the sector, as they would determine the effective application of the method in the coating of the industrial metals.
Nanostructured conducting polymer composites —superparamagnetic particles in conducting polymers
Kryszewski, M., & Jeszka, J. (1998). Nanostructured conducting polymer composites —
superparamagnetic particles in conducting polymers. Synthetic Metals, 94(1), 99-104. doi:10.1016/s0379-6779(97)04152-0
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379677997041520
The article reviews the designs for the manufacturing and the preparation of the polymer materials with the super para-magnetic nanoparticles. The article evaluates the chemical, mechanical, magnetisim, and the conduction properties of these polymers. The article relies on the secondary materials for the review and employs quality and reliable information from accredited publishing bodies, peer reviewed articles and journals. The article explains the varying chemical and conduction properties of the nanostructured conducting article and their efficiency in the use as the coating materials. The article investigation is based on the claims that the conductivity of the coating materials influences their efficiency in the prevention of the corrosion in metals. The conductivity of the metals is in turn influenced by the chemical, mechanical, and magnetism properties of the materials.
The various methods for the preparation of the chemical determined their conductivity and hence their application on the use as the coating agents on the metals. Multi-component polymer designs bearing nano-particles of oxides of metals could be developed to exhibit better adhesion, better magnetic properties, transparency, processing processes and film forming characteristics. The tailoring of the polymers to increase their film forming and magnetic functionalities can be used for their effective use in the electro-coating of the metals. The resulting polymers bear chemical and magnetic conditions that make them suitable for the use in the prevention of corrosion on the surfaces of the metals. The study established that the measuring of the chemical and the magnetism properties of the super nano-paramagnetic polymers was significantly different from the measurement of the combined oxidative forms of the constituents. The study did not establish the cause for the observation and proposed further studies to detect the cause of the deviation.
Environmentally friendly hybrid coating prepared by electro-deposition method at various seawater conditions
LEE, M., MOON, K., KIM, J., JUN, K., & KIM, K. (2009). Environmentally friendly hybrid
coating prepared by electro-deposition method at various seawater conditions. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 19, s110-s113. doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(10)60256-7
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1003632610602567
The paper reviews the use of the environmental friendly hybrid coating on metals. The coating on the metals primary purpose is to prevent corrosion. However, the coating done on the metals should also serve the purposes of being environmental friendly. Some coating materials can significantly reduce the effect of corrosion on the metal surface but pose the toxic and lethal risks to the human lives and the environment. Examples of the metals that are toxic to the human lives include the heavy metals such as lead and asbestos. Although the metals and their alloys can produce coating materials that are relatively highly resistant to corrosion, their use is prohibited owing to the health risk they pose to the humans.
The article explores the effect of the varying seawater conditions to corrosion. The concentration and the amount of the chemicals present in the seawater influence the type and the level of metal corrosion significantly. The type and the nature of the hybrid deposition material on the metallic materials to be employed in the seawater environment will significantly depend on the nature of the chemicals present in the seawater and their concentrations. Varying concentrations of these chemicals produce different effects on the surfaces of the metals and thus the metal coating will vary consequently. The determination of the chemical properties of the seawater will determine the nature and the functional properties of the hybrid coating materials to be used while observing environmental friendliness. The article focuses on the various compositions of the seawater and the best electroplating materials and methods to employ for the metals to be exposed to the environment in the observation of the environmental safety and friendliness.
Corrosion behaviour of metals in SO 2 environment and its prevention by some volatile corrosion inhibitors
Subramanian, A., Rajendran, P., Natesan, N., Balakrishnan, K., & Vasudevan, T. (1999).
Corrosion behaviour of metals in SO 2 environment and its prevention by some volatile corrosion inhibitors. Anti-Corrosion Meth & Material, 46(5), 346-351. doi:10.1108/00035599910295544
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233503475_Corrosion_behaviour_of_metals_in_SO2_environment_and_its_prevention_by_some_volatile_corrosion_inhibitors
The paper reviews the different corrosion behaviors of metals when subjected to the environment of varying concentrations of sulfur dioxide. The investigation had established that sulfur dioxide influenced the degree of corrosion significantly in metals. In investigating the influence of the concentration of the gas, it could aid in determining the effective use of the sulfur dioxide atmosphere in the prevention of corrosion. Metallic equipments in the combustion chambers for the industrial use could be protected from the effects of corrosion by exposing them to varying concentrations of the sulfur dioxide gas. The application would be possible in the event the industrial application was a closed system or a system that the internal conditions could be controlled.
The amount of sulfur dioxide gas present in the external surrounding of the metals influenced their corrosion properties. In the light of that, the metallic materials that were exposed to the environmental conditions bearing various concentration of the gas needed to be prevented from the corrosion effect of the gas. The prevention of the corrosion effect of the sulfur dioxide gas was tested employing different types of volatile corrosion inhibitors. The volatile inhibitors constituted of the gases and inorganic elements and compounds. The gaseous volatile inhibitors were seen to have significant effect on the prevention of the corrosive properties of the sulfur dioxide. The gaseous elements reacted with the gas producing less reactive compounds that decreased the concentration of the gas in the environment and its subsequent corrosion effect on the available metals. The organic materials reduced the corrosive effect of the gas at high temperature environment where the temperatures allowed for the reaction of the gas and the organic compounds to produce less corrosive substances.
Organosilane Technology in Coating Applications: Review and Perspectives
Thierry Materne. (2011). Corrosion behavior of superhydrophobic surfaces: A review (5).
Retrieved from downcorning.com website: www.dowcorning.com/content/publishedlit/26-1402-01.pdf
www.dowcorning.com/content/publishedlit/26-1402-01.pdf
The paper reviews the applications of the materials used of the metallic coating to reduce the effect of corrosion and the legal regulations pertaining to their application. Th many materials used for the coating of the industrial metals play significant roles apart from the prevention of corrosion. The law requires the materials applied for the coating meet certain critical conditions that has rendered some materials that are more effective in the use of coating to be left out in the applications. The heavy metals such as lead, chromium, and asbestos can form the best of the film layers that cab be used to modify the surfaces of the metals for the prevention of corrosion and have much more functionalities. However, owing to their toxic nature, the law does not allow for their application in such areas. The legal requirements have left the global manufacturers of the coating materials and fabricators that meet the standards to benefit more in the industry.
In the light of the legal guidelines pertaining to the quality of the materials to be used for the fabrication industry, organosilane technology can be one of the best designs. The design not only meets the Government regulations but also offers an opportunity for the surface modification to meet specific surface and chemical characteristic for the employment in target areas. The organosilane technology has provided an opportunity due to its chemical ability to form covalent bonds between organic and inorganic particles. The resultant materials formed from the bondage provides better and environmental friendly substances for the use in the metal coating. The surfaces of the film layer can be altered in chemical and physical characteristic by varying the layer thickness and the chemical constitution of the film
Organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel coatings for metal corrosion protection: a review of recent progress
Figueira, R. B., Silva, C. J., & Pereira, E. V. (2014). Organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel coatings
for metal corrosion protection: a review of recent progress. J Coat Technol Res, 12(1), 1-35. doi:10.1007/s11998-014-9595-6
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11998-014-9595-6
The paper reviews the progressive development in the manufacturing of the sol-gel derived hybrid organic-inorganic materials for the use in the coating of the metals. The sol-gel derived hybrids are modified to suit specific characteristic for the application in special commercial areas. The paper reviews the development of the coating materials from 2000 to 2013. Significant discoveries in the needs of the application sector have led to the broad studies aimed to find ways to solve the industrial problems in the coating industry. The modification of the coated surface in its chemical and physical characteristics has been noted to influence behaviors that not only prevent corrosion, but also offer other structural, chemical, and mechanical benefits.
The review focuses primarily on the studies done on the organic-inorganic hybrid formed by the siloxanes with the use of the sol-gel designs. The primary review is the academic studies level and the review seeks to determine the various materials that have been developed and suggest areas needing further research. The paper reviews the various development methods of the OIH materials, their classification, and their chemical, mechanical, and structural characteristics. The varying characteristics of the developed materials have aided in the application in the various commercial purposes where qualities such as the surface texture, stability, conductivity, and oxidative properties are critical. The review discusses the metallic precursors employed in the developed of the organic-inorganic hybrids and their influence on corrosion prevention.
Green Inhibitors for Corrosion Protection of Metals and Alloys: An Overview
Rani, B. E., & Basu, B. B. (2012). Green Inhibitors for Corrosion Protection of Metals and
Alloys: An Overview. International Journal of Corrosion, 2012, 1-15. doi:10.1155/2012/380217
http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijc/2012/380217.pdf
The article reviews the important of protecting metals from corrosion and the pros and cons of the various methods and materials employed to attain the protection. The protection of the metals and their alloys from corrosion is significant in economical, technical, environmental, and aesthetic values. The protection of the metals serves to increase their productive lives by maintaining their structural and functional strength. Various methods that includes the use of the organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials have been developed for the coating of the metals and the alloys to prevent corrosion. However, safety concerns about the application of the organic materials for the coating have prompted the increased research in the search of the green materials for the applications. The green materials have been employed in combination with the organic materials where they have induced significant changes to the organic settings of the material to produce hybrids that have characteristics inclining more to the green products than to the organic characteristics.
The green materials have many advantages and benefits in their application as the corrosion inhibitors in the metals. The benefits range from environmental friendliness, economical, to offering structural, mechanical, physical and chemical attributes that extend their functionality from simply preventing corrosion to offering structural strength and protection against adverse conditions. The materials can be modified to exhibit varying corrosive, oxidative, conductivity, and morphological surface characteristics that can be exploited in their use for special purposes.
References
Adel M.A. Mohameda, b, Aboubakr M. Abdullaha, Nathalie A. Younana. (2015). Corrosion
behavior of superhydrophobic surfaces: A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 8(6), 749-765. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535214000604
Chauhan, K. V., & Rawal, S. K. (2014). A Review Paper on Tribological and Mechanical
Properties of Ternary Nitride based Coatings. Procedia Technology, 14, 430-437. doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2014.08.055
D. Short, J. Summerscales. (1979). Hybrids-a review: Part 1. Techniques, design and
construction. Composites, 4(10), 215-222. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010436179900223
Federica De Ricardis, & Virginia Martina. (2014). Hybrid Conducting Nanocomposites Coating
for Corrosion Protection. Retrieved from http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/46239.pd
Figueira, R. B., Silva, C. J., & Pereira, E. V. (2014). Organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel coatings
for metal corrosion protection: a review of recent progress. J Coat Technol Res, 12(1), 1-35. doi:10.1007/s11998-014-9595-6
Kryszewski, M., & Jeszka, J. (1998). Nanostructured conducting polymer composites —
superparamagnetic particles in conducting polymers. Synthetic Metals, 94(1), 99-104. doi:10.1016/s0379-6779(97)04152-0
LEE, M., MOON, K., KIM, J., JUN, K., & KIM, K. (2009). Environmentally friendly hybrid
coating prepared by electro-deposition method at various seawater conditions. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 19, s110-s113. doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(10)60256-7
Rani, B. E., & Basu, B. B. (2012). Green Inhibitors for Corrosion Protection of Metals and
Alloys: An Overview. International Journal of Corrosion, 2012, 1-15. doi:10.1155/2012/380217
Subramanian, A., Rajendran, P., Natesan, N., Balakrishnan, K., & Vasudevan, T. (1999).
Corrosion behaviour of metals in SO 2 environment and its prevention by some volatile corrosion inhibitors. Anti-Corrosion Meth & Material, 46(5), 346-351. doi:10.1108/00035599910295544
Thierry Materne. (2011). Corrosion behavior of superhydrophobic surfaces: A review (5).
Retrieved from downcorning.com website: www.dowcorning.com/content/publishedlit/26-1402-01.pdf
