Introduction
Articles, research reports and blogs have been written on the basis of analyzing the things in an effective manner, and they will used to furnish the things in front of the people particularly. Articles and research reports usually have certain aspects that are essential to give the education to the readers in a perfect and organized manner. The level of biasness has been increasing in different fields, and it is very much in the Human Resources Management (HRM) as well. Apart from the hiring and firing, some of the major works associated with the Human Resources Department is to manage their employees in a well organized and perfect manner in particular. The level of biasness associated with selection bias and ability bias are the most widely used. The main theme of this paper revolves in the circle of biasness; however it requires lots of research and study at the same time. It is required to select four articles each on the topic of Ability Bias and Selection Bias, and then write a short description of each of the article, along with proposed method used in the same analysis, and other important information and aspect that sound interesting and valuable.
Analysis and Findings
Ability bias has started from the traits of the labor markets which include intelligence, work ethics and conformity as well. According to the ability bias, people with more education and earn above average incomes and vice versa, however this particular aspect is not always effective for the people around the globe.
On the other hand, the bias that relates to the selection and recruiting the employees is known as Selection Bias. It is an important part of the analysis as it has a direct linkage with the HRM analysis and departments in particular. Both of these concepts come under the ambit of labor economic, and there are certain things that should be taken into account for the same analysis particularly.
Ability Bias Papers
It is required to select four different papers that have the information related the Ability Bias, and then answer some of the questions that are significant for the analysis purpose
The first article which has been chosen for the same analysis is “Ability Bias, Discount rate Bias and the Return to Education”. The research paper was written by Kevin Land in the year 1993, which was published in the Boston University, the Department of Economics. In this paper the role and existence of Ability Bias has been defined clearly and comprehensively for the organizations as well as for the economies that come across in the Labor Economics Subject (Kevin Land, 1993). According to the core summary of the paper, it is evaluated that such models that associated with analyzing the wage decision are not enough to analyze the things in an effective manner. The author found from this article that there should be no link between the information having, ability with the education and the ability to have high amount of earnings in particular. The methodology which has been taken into for the same analysis is Primary in which the data has been collected through the Questionnaire, and then relevant statistical models have been applied over it accordingly. The paper deals with the ability bias perfectly and furnish number of insight stories related to the ability bias particularly and it’s certainly make sense. However, it will be more than effective, if Kevin Land comes with some secondary research as well for different companies and some leaders who are committing this particular bias in particular. The method that has been used to solve the ability bias is proper education and communication with the employees in a perfect manner. The idea of Kevin was productive and effective at the same time, and it remains like the same in the future as well for their core productivity and effectiveness.
The Second article which has been chosen for the same analysis is “The Causal Effects of Education on Earnings”. The research paper was written by David Card in the year 1999, which was published in the Elsevier Science, the Department of Economics. In this paper the role and existence of Ability Bias has been defined clearly and comprehensively for the organizations as well as for the economies that come across in the Labor Economics Subject (David Card, 1999). According to the core summary of the paper, it is evaluated that there is a large and heavy relationship is there between the education and earnings, as people with higher education earns high and people with low education earns relatively low, however this particular aspect is not always effective. The methodology which has been taken into for the same analysis is Primary in which the data has been collected through the Questionnaire, and then relevant statistical models have been applied over it accordingly. The paper deals with the ability bias perfectly and furnish number of insight stories related to the ability bias particularly and it’s certainly make sense. However, it will be more than effective, if David Road comes with some secondary research as well for different companies and some leaders who are committing this particular bias in particular. The method that has been used to solve the ability bias is proper education and communication with the employees in a perfect manner. The idea of David Road was productive and effective at the same time, and it remains like the same in the future as well for their core productivity and effectiveness.
The Third article which has been chosen for the same analysis is “Ability Bias, Skewness and the Collage Wage Premium”. The research paper was written by Robin, Naylor and Smith in the year 2009, which was published in the University of Warwick, the Department of Economics. In this paper the role and existence of Ability Bias has been defined clearly and comprehensively for the organizations as well as for the economies that come across in the Labor Economics Subject (Robin, Naylor and Smith, 2009). According to the core summary of the paper, it is found that education don’t have a strong relationship with the ability of a person to increase their earnings and earnings potential, as people with limited knowledge and education can also have the power of effectiveness while delivering their core services in the market. The methodology which has been taken into for the same analysis is Primary in which the data has been collected through the Questionnaire, and then relevant statistical models have been applied over it accordingly. The statistical tool which has been used for the analysis is Skeweness, which is not effective as far as analyzing the core relationship among two different variables particularly. The paper deals with the ability bias perfectly and furnish number of insight stories related to the ability bias particularly and it’s certainly make sense. However, it will be more than effective, if Robin, Naylor and Smith come with some secondary research as well for different companies and some leaders who are committing this particular bias in particular. The method that has been used to solve the ability bias is proper education and communication with the employees in a perfect manner. The idea of Robin, Naylor and Smith was productive and effective at the same time, and it remains like the same in the future as well for their core productivity and effectiveness. Apart from that furnishing the examples of different individuals for the analysis can also be effective in the same aspect.
The Fourth article which has been chosen for the same analysis is “Returns to Education: Evidence from UK Twins”. The research paper was written by Dorothe Bonjour in the year 2002, which was published in the London School of Economics, the Department of Economics. In this paper the role and existence of Ability Bias has been defined clearly and comprehensively for the organizations as well as for the economies that come across in the Labor Economics Subject (Dorothe Bonjour, 2002). It also has a great impact over the level of return of the company. According to the core summary of the paper, it is evaluated that there is a mixture is found among the core ability of the individuals in terms of having different level of educations in particular. The summary of the report tells that there are certain evidences found from the UK Twing Universities that found that it is expected not necessary that every educated person get a good job and earning potential, as there are number of examples are there in which the earning potential of the individuals are very high even for the uneducated personnel. The methodology which has been taken into for the same analysis is Primary in which the data has been collected through the Questionnaire, and then relevant statistical models have been applied over it accordingly. The paper deals with the ability bias perfectly and furnish number of insight stories related to the ability bias particularly and it’s certainly make sense. However, it will be more than effective, if Dorothe Bonjour come with some secondary research as well for different companies and some leaders who are committing this particular bias in particular. The method that has been used to solve the ability bias is proper education and communication with the employees to enhance their capability and ability to complete and accomplish a work. The idea of Dorothe Bonjour was productive and effective at the same time, and it remains like the same in the future as well for their core productivity and effectiveness. Apart from that furnishing the examples of different individuals for the analysis can also be effective in the same aspect.
Selection Bias Papers
Selection is a strategy cum technique that found in the organizations to strengthen their Human Resources Management (HRM) section particularly. Selection Process is extremely essential for the sake of an organization, as it directly links with the financial position of the companies. Selection Bias increased in an organization, when the organization is unable to select proper randomization. It is not effective for the companies in all over the world, and an organization in all over the world requires having transparency in their selection method and process.
The first research paper which has been chosen for this particular section of Selection Bias is “Detecting and Statistically Correcting Sample Selection Bias”, written by Gary Cuddeback, Elizabeth Wilson, John G. Orme and Terri Combs. It was published in the year 2004 specifically in the Journal of Social Sciences in the 30th Volume particularly. The research paper found very effective as far as delivering its thoughts about the selection procedures used by the organizations, and what are the drawbacks of sticking with some of the major procedures of selecting the employees in an organized and perfect manner particularly (Gary Cuddeback, Elizabeth Wilson, John 2004). From this particular article, it is also found that selection bias is not at all effective for the companies all over the world, and organizations should come up with such strategies through which this particular problem can be overcome. The methodology which has been chosen for the same analysis is Primary Research in which all the data has been collected through the Questionnaire and the primary research, and analyzed through the multiple regression methods and linear regression methods. The idea of choosing this particular research method is essential and effective in terms of delivering the best result, but it is not always effective for the analysis purpose particularly. The research will be more productive, if it uses both secondary and primary research by adding some examples of real time companies in the questionnaire analysis. Gary Cuddeback, Elizabeth Wilson, John G. Orme and Terri Combs wrote that transparent hiring process and the ethical stances of the managers can be more than essential for the companies to narrow down the effects of Selection Bias completely.
The Second research paper which has been chosen for this particular section of Selection Bias is “Controlling Selection Bias in Causal Inference”, written by Elias Bareninboim and Judea Pearl. It was published in the year 2012 specifically in the JMLR proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference (Elias Bareninboim and Judea Pearl, 2012). The research paper found very effective as far as delivering its thoughts about the selection procedures used by the organizations, and what are the drawbacks of sticking with some of the major procedures of selecting the employees in an organized and perfect manner particularly. From this particular article, it is also found that selection bias is not at all effective for the companies all over the world, and organizations should come up with such strategies through which this particular problem can be overcome. The methodology which has been chosen for the same analysis is Primary Research in which all the data has been collected through the Questionnaire and the primary research, and analyzed through the Ratio and proportion models. The idea of choosing this particular research method is essential and effective in terms of delivering the best result, but it is not always effective for the analysis purpose particularly. The research will be more productive, if it uses both secondary and primary research by adding some examples of real time companies in the questionnaire analysis. Elias Bareninboim and Judea Pearl wrote that transparent hiring process and the ethical stances of the managers can be more than essential for the companies to narrow down the effects of Selection Bias completely.
The Third research paper which has been chosen for this particular section of Selection Bias is “Model for Selection Sample Bias”, written Christopher Winship and Robert D. mare. It was published in the year 1992 specifically in the Annual Reviews (Christopher Winship and Robert D. 1992). From this particular article, it is also found that selection bias is not at all effective for the companies all over the world, and organizations should come up with such strategies through which this particular problem can be overcome. The methodology which has been chosen for the same analysis is Primary Research in which all the data has been collected through the Questionnaire and the primary research, and analyzed through the Tobit Model, one of the most complex statistical models used for the research purpose. The research will be more productive, if it uses both secondary and primary research by adding some examples of real time companies in the questionnaire analysis. Christopher Winship and Robert D. mare wrote that transparent hiring process and the ethical stances of the managers can be more than essential for the companies to narrow down the effects of Selection Bias completely.
The fourth research paper which has been chosen for this particular section of Selection Bias is “Selection Bias in Epidemiological Studies”, written by Madhukar Pai. It was published in the year 1998 specifically in the University of Montreal, Canada. The research paper found very effective as far as delivering its thoughts about the selection procedures used by the organizations, and what are the drawbacks of sticking with some of the major procedures of selecting the employees in an organized and perfect manner particularly (Madhukar Pai, 1998). From this particular article, it is also found that selection bias is not at all effective for the companies all over the world, and organizations should come up with such strategies through which this particular problem can be overcome. The methodology which has been chosen for the same analysis is Primary Research in which all the data has been collected through the Questionnaire and the primary research, and analyzed through the Meta Analysis. The idea of choosing this particular research method is essential and effective in terms of delivering the best result, but it is not always effective for the analysis purpose particularly. The research will be more productive, if it uses both secondary and primary research by adding some examples of real time companies in the questionnaire analysis. Madhukar Pai wrote that transparent hiring process and the ethical stances of the managers can be more than essential for the companies to narrow down the effects of Selection Bias completely.
Conclusion
Every person has been given extra knowledge about the dos and don’ts of certain things which will be applied on their writings as well. Authors are those people who have immense capability of thinking and executing things in an effective and organized manner. Every single author in this world has a new concept in their mind, and on the basis of these concepts they will declare their effectiveness as well. The level of thinking and execution capability of an author can be found from their context and analysis which have been mentioned in the articles, research reports and other forms of communications. The entire analysis is comparing the articles of Selection Bias and Ability Bias, and all of the papers are effective.
References
Christopher Winship and Robert D. mare, (1992), Model for Selection Sample Bias, [Online], retrieved from < http://www.uvm.edu/~pdodds/teaching/courses/2009-08UVM-300/docs/others/1992/winship1992.pdf > Accessed on Dec-4th-2014
David Card, (1999), The Causal Effects of Education on Earnings, [Online], retrieved from < http://davidcard.berkeley.edu/papers/causal_educ_earnings.pdf > Accessed on Dec-4th-2014
Dorothe Bonjour, (2002), Returns to Education: Evidence from UK Twins, [Online], retrieved from < http://cee.lse.ac.uk/ceedps/ceedp22.pdf > Accessed on Dec-4th-2014
Elias Bareninboim and Judea Pearl, (2012), Controlling Selection Bias in Causal Inference, [Online], retrieved from < http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r381.pdf > Accessed on Dec-4th-2014
Gary Cuddeback, Elizabeth Wilson, John G, (2004), Detecting and Statistically Correcting Sample Selection Bias, [Online], retrieved from < http://web.utk.edu/~orme00/articles/Cuddeback_et_al.pdf > Accessed on Dec-4th-2014
Kevin Land, (1993), Ability Bias, Discount rate Bias and the Return to Education, [Online], retrieved from < file:///C:/Users/umair/Downloads/ability_pdf.pdf> Accessed on Dec-4th-2014
Madhukar Pai, (1998), Selection Bias in Epidemiological Studies, [Online], retrieved from < http://www.teachepi.org/documents/courses/fundamentals/Pai_Lecture6_Selection%20bias.pdf > Accessed on Dec-4th-2014
Robin, Naylor and Smith, (2009), Ability Bias, Skewness and the Collage Wage Premium, [Online], retrieved from < http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/workingpapers/2009/twerp_907.pdf > Accessed on Dec-4th-2014
