Introduction
Child abuse
Child abuse is a term used to refer to mistreatment and acts of affliction on children. These are acts conducted by caregivers, guardians and parents of the child that often results to real problems and harm to a child. These acts range from physical abuse like bartering and bullying, sexual abuse that includes rape and sexual advances, psychological torture and in other instances negligence and lack of support. These acts of abuse occur in homes, schools and communities that the child resides and can be conducted by any person ranging from peers, teachers, and other society members. In most developing countries, child abuse is increasingly considered a criminal offense that has rules and policies that exist to address the issue (Clark and Post). Among different countries and nations, jurisdictions of what defines child abuse and what in encloses exist regarding the well-being of a child and what they should be protected from. Such rules and policies ensure that a child can be removed from their parents, guardians or caregivers and prosecution of the criminal offense in punishable by the courts of law that exist in any country.
Teen pregnancy
Teen pregnancy is a situation associated to female adolescents whereby they get pregnant on circumstances that deem them not mature to handle pregnancy for instances female’s of age twelve, thirteen or even fourteen. The results of teen pregnancy are brought about by a range of factors like their current situations, immediate surroundings, exposure and who they interact with. A number of recorded teen pregnancies varies from country to country. The reasons girls get pregnant at this tender age is related to the current sexual activities; sex education they have received availability of contraceptives (McDowell). Teen pregnancy brings with it a lot of complication both to the teenager and the child and stake. These complications include low birth weight, social responsibilities, poverty.
Risk associated to teen pregnancy
1. The Mother may encounter complications during birth associated to underdeveloped body organs
2. Babies born by teenagers are either born too early or they have low birth weight and underdevelopment during birth.
3. Teenagers mother skips the requirement of required medical practitioners thus reduced parental care that leads to trauma and frustration with life.
4. Teenage pregnancy also leads to discontinued education because mothers will often be kicked out of school and sometimes drop out to avoid psychological torture.
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a body condition which, if left unattended leads to the disease AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Unlike other viruses that the body combats and gets rid of them completely from the body, HIV cannot be destroyed completely by the immune system, thus once you have HIV you get it for the rest of your life. HIV attacks the body immune system cells known as CD4 that help the body fight and protect the body against other infections and diseases (Chasi). HIV does this by reducing the number of CD4 cell count that lowering the immune system and the body can hinder other micro-organisms that cause diseases from affecting the body.
At the moment, no cure has been formulated for this condition, making a condition that is dangerous incurable in a way that it is among the leading conditions that is accusing so much deaths per year around the globe. However, HIV is being controlled by the use of antiretroviral drugs that slow the rate at which the Virus destroys the CD4 cells, thus prolonging the lives of persons who have the virus.
Factors contributing to the process of project selection
Researchers have found out that HIV may have been identified in some species of Chimpanzee found in Central Africa that might have the source of HIV infection to the humans. It is said that around the 18th-century hunters and gatherers from Africa may have come into contact with the blood and from that time the Virus which in the Chimpanzees was known as the Simian Immunodeficiency syndrome or SIV. Over the decades, the virus spread all over Africa, and it mutated to become full blown HIV that became an epidemic in the world around the year 1970 by that time it had spread into the western countries and the United States.
Basic facts about HIV
1. HIV is a killer disease, and its abbreviations stand for Human immunodeficiency virus
2. The virus can take a period of about 15 years before the condition AIDS develops, and by this time the immune system is seriously damaged
3. When an early diagnosis is done antiretroviral treatment and checking can be initiated, and persons with the virus can live a healthy and normal life.
4. HIV is conveyed in most body liquids of the contaminated individual, for example, the vaginal liquids, semen, blood and bosom milk.
5. HIV is not transmitted through urine, saliva or sweat from an infected person.
6. The most common way of spreading the HIV virus is when a person without the virus engages in sexual activities with an infected person without proper protection.
The reason for choosing this topic for the research project is because it is a topic that has received global attention for many decades as a global pandemic. HIV has cost the globe a lot of lives with little or no effort has been realized in an effective way to curb the Virus. Over the years, Scientists and researchers have tried effortlessly to come up with Vaccines and drugs that can cure the condition. It is a widespread virus felt globally, and something must be done to educate every one of its dangers and the best ways of avoiding infection as the only way that one can be safe. This is because a lot of information is misrepresented about the condition and proper awareness should be raised to address the issue.
Resources being used
1. This type of resources can be found in World Bank that offers a comprehensive database of the effects of the Virus. www.worlbank.com
2. Another source that will be used is the world aids organization that offers insight to the Virus, its spread and further effects globally. www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics
3. To get further historical information, the research project will rely on the book related to HIV/AIDS authored K.E Nye and J.M Parkin. This book is accredited as credible and offers a comprehensive account of HIV/Aids, its management ad possible vaccines that are under development.
Barriers and hindrances
While performing the research project barriers and hindrances occur when researching and gathering information. These barriers include;
Gathering research data and information
Biased results generated from questionnaires
Time taken to complete the research project
Critical review of key references
According to AVERT organization they present this information that have been associated to HIV
Critical review of key references
According to AVERT organization they present this information related to HIV:
“HIV is a virus that infects, attacks and destroys the human immune system, which is our body's characteristic barrier against ailment. At the point when a man gets tainted with the infection, the virus attacks the cells that protect the body from being attacked by diseases. The body thus is unable to fight off the different virus that invades the weak body of a person. The infection obliterates a sort of white platelet known as the T-helper cell and multiplies inside a person’s body. T-helper cells are additionally alluded to as CD4 cells.
There are an assortment of strains of HIV – some person who is polluted may pass on various different strains in their body. These are requested into sorts, with piles of social occasions and subtypes.
The two crucial sorts are:
• HIV-1: This is the most widely recognized virus that have been discovered around the world
• HIV-2: This is discovered mostly in Africa especially, the West Africa, and some cases in India and Europe."
- See more at: http://www.avert.org/about-hiv-aids/what-hiv-aids#sthash.cLqL6HPS.dpuf
Key references
1. According to, https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/what-is-hiv-aids/, the website is an accredited government organization that relates to HIV. Based on this fact, this source has credible information regarding HIV that can be used to derive a proper research project.
2. The center for diseases controls http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/ has also been marked as an essential reference. This is because the organization has credible information regarding many human ailments and condition. It has a team of credible researchers, and scientists who provide reliable, up to date and enough information related to HIV and on top of it the source has a comprehensive database of Statistical analysis showing the spread of HIV, Effects, and other numerical data globally.
Research project specification
Aims and objectives
1. Explaining the meaning of HIV, its origin, prevention and ways of transmission and effects. This will enable the target audience understand the main concepts of the research project at a glance and most importantly, what will be covered in the later subtopics of the project.
2. Run a statistical analysis to produce numerical figures related to the spread of HIV, Lives lost to the same per year, Preventive measures and which countries are suffering the most due to the virus. This will enable the reader to understand many effects of the virus and what makes it significant to other places than others. Furthermore, this will help the readers understand that the virus is a global pandemic.
3. This research project aims at evaluating the main causes of HIV, effects and the type of awareness that has been raised to address the condition. This will be in an effort to determine what are the main causes of transmitting HIV, how long it takes to become full blown AIDS and what measures can be taken to curb the spread and prevent the condition. This will be achieved by deducting the advancement of a cure development and what the scientist have deduced.
Plan and Procedure
Monthly time table
The above timetable is required so as to give an insight and plan of what activity should be conducted during specific times. This will ensure that the research project will be completed during the specified time and that nothing will have been omitted.
Work Cited
AIDS.Gov,. "What Is HIV/AIDS?". Aids.gov. N.p., 2016. Web. 23 Apr. 2016.
Avert.Org, Avert. "What Are HIV And AIDS? | AVERT". Avert.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 23 Apr. 2016.
Chasi, Colin. HIV. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Print.
Clark, Nancy A and B. Bryan Post. The Forever Child. [Upland, Calif.]: [Clark Tales], 2003. Print.
McDowell, Pamela. Teen Pregnancy. New York, NY: Crabtree Pub. Co., 2011. Print.
McGuire, C H. "Contributions And Challenges Of Medical Education Research". Academic Medicine 71.10 (1996): S121-9. Web.
