Health Belief Model
In the past century, many health-based models have been developed and implemented in order to help nursing professionals to identify and incorporate key factors in improving patient-centric services and health outcomes. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one such model that is associated with the psychological and health behavioural change model associated to change and predict health-related behaviours. The HBM was developed to be incorporated and adopted by healthcare services (Dardis MR, Koharchik LS, Dukes S. 2015).
The HBM was developed by key psychologists in 1950 in the US. It is one of accepted theories in the US with respect to health behaviour research. The public health service of the US widely incorporate the HBM. The HBM is based on the patient’s beliefs on health, health issues, and the actions taken to benefit and overcome these issues along with health-promoting behaviour. In order to implement the health promoting behaviours, a key stimulus should be present (Carpenter CJ. 2010). The first theory of the HBM has been credited to Irwin M. Rosenstock, and other psychologists at the time. Some of the other members involved include Stephen Kegeles, Godfrey M. Hochbaum, and Howard Leventhal. The theory was conceptualized to tackle the issues of failure of screening processes for tuberculosis (Jones CJ, Smith H, and Llewellyn C. 2014). The HBM has been used in widespread epidemic and emergency situations. However, the HBM has been mainly used to assess and screen asymptomatic diseases along with a key immunizations strategies. Most of the HBM has been used for a variety of behaviours associated with health. The HBM has helped nursing and healthcare professionals in assessing patients with respect to acquiescence with medical regimens, behaviours linked with chronic health issues, and lifestyle behaviours (Kim JE, Zane N. 2915). The HBM had been modified and its first amendment was recorded in 1988 in order to address emerging evidence along with key fields of behavioural science, mental health, and psychiatry (Kim JE, Zane N. 2915).
Annotated Bibliography
Boroumandfar, K., Shabani, F., & Ghaffari, M. (2012). An investigation on the effect of Health Belief Model-based education on refusal skills in high risk situations among female students. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 17(3), 229–233.
There is a high risk of behavioural and mental disorders among adolescent female students based on current evidence. The authors in the study utilized the HBM-based education on key factors such as education on social and refusal skills. A total of 3 types of HBM structures were utilized in the study. The study findings revealed that the HBM-based educational strategy helped in preventing high risk mental and behavioural issues among adolescent females with respect to social, emotional, and mental health.
Kim, H.-S., Ahn, J., & No, J.-K. (2012). Applying the Health Belief Model to college students’ health behavior. Nutrition Research and Practice, 6(6), 551–558.
A similar study, wherein the HBM was utilized to assess the mental and behavioural health of college students with respect to nutritional beliefs. The key considerations of the study is that it included key elements of the HBM such as severity, barrier, susceptibility, and benefit. The HBM model has been widely accepted by healthcare professionals as an adjunct to mental health assessment in various fields of medicine. In this study, the authors confirm the potential use of HBM in assessing mental health of college students with respect to nutritional habits and food-based behaviour and psychiatric health.
Park, S.-Y., Cho, S., Park, Y., Bernstein, K. S., & Shin, J. K. (2013). Factors Associated with Mental Health Service Utilization among Korean American Immigrants. Community Mental Health Journal, 49(6), 765–773.
A unique study that involved the use of a modified HBM (Andersen's) to validate and assess the factors linked with mental health services and Korean American Immigrants. Healthcare professionals have confirmed the use of the HBM for assessment and validation of key factors in assessment of mental health status of an individual. Depressive symptoms were most likely assessed with the help of Andersen's HBM. However, the authors also identified key factors such as education, gender, age, income, English proficiency, and health insurance that were closely linked to depression levels among Korean American immigrants. Since depression is a key health issue with respect to mental health services, the HBM has been used to assess and validate such vital information. The authors also state that the HBM is a helpful tool in assessing the psychological status of an individual.
Shahnazi, H., Sabooteh, S., Sharifirad, G., Mirkarimi, K., & Hassanzadeh, A. (2015). The impact of education intervention on the Health Belief Model constructs regarding anxiety of nulliparous pregnant women. J of Education & Health Promotion, 4, 27.
A unique study that involved an educational HBM among pregnant women to assess and improve anxiety levels and prevent health issues to the early foetus. The education-based intervention utilizing HBM has helped in lowering the incidence of anxiety among pregnant women, a key success story for nursing and healthcare professionals.
Sakai C, et al. Mental health beliefs and barriers to accessing mental health services in youth aging out of foster care. Acad Pediatr. 2014 Nov-Dec;14(6):565-73.
The use of the HBM for assessing mental health status of young children, especially those from foster care is of key importance. The authors focused on 4 key domains of the HBM in order to assess the youth’s perception on mental health requirements. The authors have claimed HBM helped in bridging the gap between youth needs and healthcare professional perspective along with transition planning and identification of systemic barriers.
References
Boroumandfar, K., Shabani, F., & Ghaffari, M. (2012). An investigation on the effect of
Health Belief Model-based education on refusal skills in high risk situations among female students. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 17(3), 229–233.
Carpenter CJ. A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of health belief model variables in
predicting behavior. Health Commun. 2010 Dec;25(8):661-9.
Dardis MR, Koharchik LS, Dukes S. Using the Health Belief Model to develop educational
strategies to improve pertussis vaccination rates among preschool staff. NASN Sch Nurse. 2015 Jan;30(1):20-5.
Kim JE, Zane N. Help-Seeking Intentions Among Asian American and White American
Kim, H.-S., Ahn, J., & No, J.-K. (2012). Applying the Health Belief Model to college
Jones CJ, Smith H, Llewellyn C. Evaluating the effectiveness of health belief model
interventions in improving adherence: a systematic review. Health Psychol Rev. 2014;8(3):253-69.
Park, S.-Y., Cho, S., Park, Y., Bernstein, K. S., & Shin, J. K. (2013). Factors Associated with
Mental Health Service Utilization among Korean American Immigrants. Community Mental Health Journal, 49(6), 765–773.
Sakai C, et al. Mental health beliefs and barriers to accessing mental health services in youth
aging out of foster care. Acad Pediatr. 2014 Nov-Dec;14(6):565-73.
Shahnazi, H., Sabooteh, S., Sharifirad, G., Mirkarimi, K., & Hassanzadeh, A. (2015). The
impact of education intervention on the Health Belief Model constructs regarding anxiety of nulliparous pregnant women. J of Education & Health Promotion, 4, 27.
