[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]
[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]
- The symptoms for a myocardial infarction (heart attack) are different in men and women, as in women the symptoms can be discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach followed by shortness of breath, or breaking out in cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, or light headedness. In men the symptoms are different as compared to women such as serious chest pain often related with heart attacks, heart beating at a rapid rate, change in rhythm, difficulty in breathing, dizziness, Classic angina, due to less blood flow to the heart muscle, is normally termed as tight pressure, plumpness, pressing on the left anterior chest.
- Building up of cholesterol and blockage in arteries is mainly because of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL cholesterol is called “bad” cholesterol because it carries cholesterol to tissues, including heart arteries, and a high LDL cholesterol level raises the risk of Coronary Heart Disease . The cholesterol levels affect the heart and its functions. In women, after menopause, the LDL cholesterol levels increase, and their HDL cholesterol levels fall rapidly. Few other factors such as the gender, age, the food intake and the physical intake are also known to affect the cholesterol levels in both the genders.
- Ageing is associated with a variety of physiologic and cognitive changes . The two major theories that explain the psychosocial aspects of aging in older adults are the Disengagement theory, and Activity theory. Disengagement theory sees aging as a withdrawal where older adults slow down by retiring, as anticipated by society, whereas the activity theory perceives an encouraging association between being active and aging well. Supporters of activity theory understand that related social withdrawal runs as a risk to the customary western ideals of activity, dynamism, and industry, whereas supporters of disengagement theory believe that related social withdrawal benefits both, the individuals and society.
- A risk factor is something that assists in developing the heart disease. The three major risk factors that cannot be changed are heredity, sex, and Age, and a few rick factors that can be changed are Smoking, Blood Cholesterol levels, and Obesity (Heart and Vascular Institute, 2013). In case the parents have a history of heart attacks, then it is possible for the siblings to have cardiovascular disease before the age of 40. Smokers are at high risk of heart diseases as smoking rises plaque; a fatty deposit on the walls of the arteries.
- A myocardial infarction or heart attack refers to damage to the muscle of the heart, usually from a lack of blood flow, that happens when a blood clot forms in one of the arteries that supplies the heart muscle with blood, blocking the flow of blood . Cerebrovascular accident or stroke is a related obstruction in an artery that delivers blood to the brain, and when a clot forms in one of those arteries and halts blood supply, a part of the brain begins to die. Cerebrovascular accident symptoms do not include any pain and are related with felling lose.
- Blood pressure is normally documented as two numbers, written as a ratio. Systolic is the top number, which is higher of the two numbers that measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats . On the other hand, Diastolic is the lower number that measures the pressure in the arteries in between heartbeats. Normally prominence is given to the systolic blood for heart attacks for people over 50 years old. Systolic blood pressure is seen to rise gradually with age due to increasing pain of large arteries, and increased rate of cardiac and vascular disease.
References
Heart and Vascular Institute. (2013). Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Retrieved from http://www.pennstatehershey.org/: http://www.pennstatehershey.org/web/heartandvascular/patientcare/services/cardiothoracic/risks
American Heart Association. (2014, December 05). Heart Attack Symptoms in Women. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/WarningSignsofaHeartAttack/Heart-Attack-Symptoms-in-Women_UCM_436448_Article.jsp#
American Heart Association. (2014, August 04). Understanding Blood Pressure Readings. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/AboutHighBloodPressure/Understanding-Blood-Pressure-Readings_UCM_301764_Article.jsp
Brouhard, R. (2014, July 07). What's the Difference Between a Heart Attack and a Stroke? Retrieved from firstaid.about.com: http://firstaid.about.com/od/heartattacks/f/08_CVA_vs_AMI.htm
National Heart, L. a. (2011, Febraury 01). Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors. Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hd/atrisk
Taylor, A. W., & Johnson, M. J. (2008). Physiology of Exercise and Healthy Aging (Illustrated ed.). Human Kinetics.
